Некоммерческое акционерное общество
АЛМАТИНСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ И СВЯЗИ
Кафедра Иностранных языков
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Деловое общение. Методические указания
для студентов всех специальностей
Алматы 2009
СОСТАВИТЕЛЬ: Мадениет Нургуль. Английский язык. Деловое общение для студентов всех специальностей. Методические указания. – Алматы. АИЭС, 2009. – 53 с.
Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов второго курса всех специальностей очного отделения для развития умений чтения, закрепления грамматического и лексического материала. В метод разработке содержатся тексты для чтения по темам Brands, Travel, Organization, Change, Money, а также упражнения для развития словарного запаса и закрепления грамматического материала по данным темам.
Unit I
Brands
“Truly great brands are more than just labels for products”
Tony O’Reilly, Irish entrepreneur
Grammar: Present Simple and Present Continuous
Texts: a) There is no an escape from brands
b) Have you ever been to a Zara store?
Exercise 1.Answer the following questions in written form.
1. What is your association about “Brands”?
2. What kind of international and national brands do you know?
3. What image and qualities does each one have?
4. Why do people buy brands?
5. Why do you think some people dislike brands?
6. How loyal are you to the brands you have chosen?
Exercise 2. Match these English words with Russian ones.
Value, luxurious, timeless, durable, stylish, cool, fashionable, inexpensive, reliable, image,
label, goods, rebellious, headquarters.
Вечный, модный, дерзкий, недорогой, роскошный, прочный, модный, ценность, надежный, образ, штаб-квартира, мятежный, товары, этикетка.
Text 1.
Exercise 3.Read the text below.
There is no an escape from brands
In many ways, logos have become a kind of international language. Most people around the world they could identify the Shell or Esprit logo: we are united by what companies sells us. Not surprisingly perhaps, an increasing the number of people complain that that “there is no escape from brands”.
There are several reasons for this. Firstly, big brands tend to squeeze out so small, independent businesses. In the addition, their branches tend to spread rapidly and occupy more and more space in our cities.
Another reason is that advertising today is not just much about selling products: it is about selling a dream, a message. The point of brand-stretching is that you do not really build brands around products, but around reputation. Therefore, for example, you can go to your Virgin bank, visit a Virgin record shop, will buy a Virgin cola and get on a Virgin train.
Naturally, such a strategy has its risks. Dissatisfaction with one product can reflect badly and on the brand: if Virgin trains are late, people may lose confidence in Virgin banks. Or if you discover that your expensive pair trainers are made by underpaid teenagers working in the terrible conditions in a third-world country, you may begin to question the brand that it claims to sell you “a healthy way of life”.
Exercise 4. Complete these sentences with the words from the box.
|
Meet name branding lifecycle research loyalty stretching image awareness range placement |
1. When products are used in TV programmes, films, etc, we speak of “product ________”.
2. If you keep buying a particular brand, you show __________.
3. The gathering of information about what buyers need or want.________
4. It starts with the product design, and ends when it is discontinued. ______
5. Giving a name to a product so that people can recognize it easily by its name or design._________
6. When a company has a new product, it gives it a catchy ________.
7. A set of products of a particular type. _______
8. The knowledge people have of a brand is called “brand ________”.
9. The ideas and beliefs people have about a brand. ________
10. A good product is one that can ________ most, or all, of the customer’s expectations.
Exercise 5.Match the following words with their definitions.
1. launch
2. brand
3. label
4. goods
5. headquarter
6. dealer
7. trends
8. segment
9. subsidiary
10. share
A. Any of the equal parts into which the capital stock of a company is divided.
B. Fashionable style.
C. Any centre from which operations are directed.
D. A piece of card or other material attached to an object to show its contents, ownership, use or destination.
E. A particular product or a characteristic that identifies a particular producer.
F. A company which is at least half owned by another company.
G. Articles produced to be sold.
H. A person or organization whose business involves buying and selling things.
I. To put (a new product) on the market.
J. One of several parts or sections into which an object is divided.
Text 2.
Exercise 6.Answer the questions.
1. What’s the most popular place to buy clothes in your town?
2. Do you buy your clothes there? If not, where?
Exercise 7.Read the text about Zara. Then cover it and answer the questions below from memory.
1. Who is Amancio Ortega?
2. What is unusual about him?
3. What was his first job?
4. When did he open the first Zara shop?
5. Where are there Zahra shops now?
6. What are the secrets of Zara’s success?
Exercise 8.Read the text below.
Have you ever been to a Zara store?
You probably have because it is one of the fastest-growing chains in the world. The person behind Zara is Amancio Ortega. He is the richest man in Spain, but very few people know his face. There are only two official photographs of him, and he rarely gives interviews. Although he is a multimillionaire businessman, he doesn’t look like one – he doesn’t like wearing suits or ties, and prefers to wear jeans and a shirt.
When he was young he worked as a shop assistant in a clothes store, but he always dreamed of having his own business. In 1963 he started a small company which made women’s pyjamas. In 1975, at the age of 40, he opened his first clothes shop in La Coruna, a small city in north-west Spain, and named it Zara. Now you can find Zara shops all over the world, from New-York to Moscow to Singapore. So why is Zara so successful?
The main reason is that Zara incredibly quickly to the latest designer fashions, and produces clothes which are fashionable but inexpensive. Zara can make a new line of clothes in three weeks. Other companies normally take about nine months. The clothes also change from week to week – so customers keep coming back to see what’s new. It produces 20,000 new designs a year – and none of them stay in the shops for more than a month.
So if you’ve seen a new jacket or skirt you like in a Zara store hurry up and buy it, because it won’t be there for long.
d) Read the text again and underline any words that are connected with clothes.
Exercise 9.Choose the best answer.
1. Receptionist: “Good morning.”
You: “Good morning, I’ve come to _________ Mrs. Twain.”
a) visit
b) see
c) do business with
d) hold a talk with
2. Receptionist: “Have you got a(n) _____________?”
a) meeting
b) arrangement
c) date
d) appointment
3. Which sounds the most natural? “If afraid she’s _____________ at the moment.”
a) with someone
b) engaged
c) taken
d) out of stock
4. Which of the following would be the most appropriate to use in a business
environment? “Mrs. Smith will be a few minutes, __________.”
a) Sit down
b) Please take a seat
c) Take a pew
d) Take the weight of your feet
5. On the telephone: “I have an appointment with Richard Jones at 2.15, but I’m afraid
____________.”
a) I’m not at time
b) I’m running a bit late
c) I’m on time
d) I'm out of time
6. Which of the following is NOT possible?
a) call a meeting
b) arrange a meeting
c) attend a meeting
d) appoint a meeting
Grammar table
Present Simple and Present Continuous
|
Present Simple
|
Present Continuous |
|
V, V-s
|
Be(am, are, is ) V-ing |
|
Usually Often always |
now |
|
We use the present simple to give factual information - Unilever makes a wide variety of consumer goods. - Does it market these goods globally? - It does not sell in every sector.
To talk about routine activities or habits - I always buy the supermarket’s own brand of detergent. - Do you usually pick up groceries on the way home? - He does not choose clothes with large designer label.
For actions and situations which are generally true - Many consumers prefer well-known brands.
For timetables and scheduled events - We launch the new range on 17th of June.
|
We use the present continuous to talk about ongoing situations and projects - We are developing a completely new image for the brand. - Are you working with those designers? - They are not saying anything to the press this time.
To describe temporary situations - We are testing a new logo now. - Are they offering a good discount during the launch period?
To describe trends - The number of people stopping online is growing.
To talk about personal arrangements and plans - I am meeting Frau Scharping next week.
|
Exercise 10.Complete these short texts with the present simple or the present continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. Dario ______ (take) care of the invitations, so I’m pleased to say that everything _____ (go) according to plan. Here are the main details again: the seminar on branding is on Tuesday the 15th, from ten to two, and the venue is the Korona Hotel on Park Avenue.
2. I _____ (suppose) our main problem is our packaging. It _____ (look) old-fashioned, and I’m sure it _____ (have) very little appeal for the younger generation.
3. I’ve heard about your six-month course in marketing, and it _____ (sound) very interesting indeed. Considering that I already _____ (have) some experience in the field.
4. This cannot _____ (go) on. We keep getting calls and letters of complaint from customers concerning our new soft drink. Some even _____ (suggest) that it has given them stomachache.
5. We ______ (know) that Asian consumers _______ (believe) that top-quality clothes are made in Europe. On the other hand, we are also painfully aware of production _____ (cost) in Europe. So, we’d like to know what your views are and what you ______ (think) the best course of action is. All of us here _____ (know) that you have a tremendous amount of experience in the field of licensing, so we are eager to listen to you.
Exercise 11.Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Use each verb twice. Put the verbs into the correct form and the correct tense – present simple or present continuous.
|
invest sell take target work |
1. Our company __________ a lot in R&D. That’s why we develop fewer new products than our competitors.
2. This time, we __________ our advertising campaign on the young.
3. Unfortunately, our range of soft drinks _________ well at the moment.
4. Do you think we _________ a big risk if we postpone the launch of our new model?
5. Their advertising agency never _________ at weekends.
6. _____you ______more money in marketing this year?
7. Oh no! My printer _________ properly. I’ll ask Mark to run off a copy.
8. Which market segment ____ they usually ________?
9. It only ________ our laboratory half an hour to test all the ingredients.
10. Dell and HP ________ computers around the world.
Exercise 12.Put the verbs into the correct form of the present simple.
1. ____ all the respondents _________ to the same market segment? (belong)
2. Our new range of toiletries ________ essentially of environment-friendly deodorant sprays. (consist)
3. We may or we may not expand into China. It ________ on the success of our products there. (depend)
4. Dreher has developed a new brand of beer that ________ any alcohol. (contain)
5. ______ he _______ to our proposal? (agree)
6. It ______ that our new range of equipment is becoming more and more popular.
Exercise 9. Complete each dialogue with the correct form of going to or will.
1. A: I’m sorry; I can’t take you to the station. Something has just come up.
B: Oh, don’t worry. I ________ (take) a taxi.
2. A: We’ve chosen a name for our new low-cost airline.
B: Really. What _______ (you/call) it?
3. A: Have you decided how to increase the number of passengers?
B: Yes, we _______ (offer) a family discount at weekends.
4. A: I can’t send an e-mail to the travel agent; my computer
B: Write down your details and I _______ (fax) them over for you.
5. A: How’s your daughter?
B: She’s fine. She _______ (learn) to be a pilot for the flying doctor service next year.
Exercise 13.Choose whether the verb should be in the present continuous or the present simple:
1. I usually ________ to rock music.
a) listen b) am listening
2. What is she doing? She ________ to music.
a) listens b) is listening
3. My professor always ________ very slowly.
a) is speaking b) speaks
4. What are you doing tonight? We ________ to see a movie.
a) are going b) go
5. He normally ________ very fast.
a) drives b) is driving
6. I never ________ what to expect.
a) am knowing b) know
7. I'm sorry, Angela can't come to the phone - she ________ a shower.
a) is taking b) takes
8. I ________ home right now.
a) go b) am going
9. Those girls ________ out every Friday.
a) are going b) go
10. (Generally) I ________ classical music.
a) like b) am liking
11. I always ________ before I go to sleep.
a) am reading b) read
12. She ________ French, but she doesn't speak Italian.
a) speaks b) is speaking
13. She ________ right now.
a) speaks b) is speaking
14. Next week we ________ to the theater.
a) go b) are going
15. (Generally) I ________ Mexican food.
a) love b) am loving
16. How do you feel? I ________ great!
a) am feeling b) feel
17. Listen - I ________ to explain this to you.
a) am trying b) try
18. Tomorrow I ________ to see my friend.
a) am going b) go
19. Where is she now? She ________ home.
a) walks b) is walking
20. How does she usually get to work? She ________.
a) is walking b) walks
Unit 2
Travel
“He travels fastest who travels alone” (proverb)
Reading: Corporate road warriors
Grammar: Talking about the future
Exercise 1.Answer the following questions in written form.
1. What are the main priorities for business traveler?
2. Do businesspeople need to travel so much?
3. What are the best travel experiences you’ve had? What are the worst?
4. What further developments do you see in business travel?
Exercise 2.Answer the question below.
Do/Would you like traveling on business? Why/why not?
Exercise 3.Read this text and answer the questions.
Corporate road warriors
The characteristic that most distinguished today’s executives is not their technological sophistication but the amount of time they spend on the move. To observe the real impact of globalization, you only have to walk around an international airport. Among the crowds of tourists, an army of road warriors and corporate executive march red-eyed across the world’s time zones. Global markets mean constant global travel.
Management consultants are the most frenetic frequent fliers. They routinely cross-continents for a face-to-face meeting and then return home. They point to the importance of personal contact. For a profession built on rational analysis, it seems illogical. Face-to-face meetings when one of the parties is exhausted and jet-lagged seem unlikely to benefit anyone. However, most consultants act as if e-mail and satellite links had never been invented. For the masters of logic, only the face-to-face experience will do.
The question is why all the technological gadgetry has failed make a dent in the amount of business travel? The answer seems to lie with a simple statistic. More than 90 percent of human communication is non-verbal (some studies put it as high as 93 percent). Facial expressions, body language, and eye contact – these are all key conduits. Without them, you cannot get past first base. It’s tough to bond over the Internet. “Most of us still want face-to-face contact,” says Cary Cooper, professor of organizational psychology and health at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST). “A lot of people rely on their personalities to persuade others,” he says. “That doesn’t come out I e-mails, and video conferencing is limiting. They may also want to influence people outside of the meeting. A lot of lobbying goes on before and after meetings. That’s why eyeball-to-eyeball is so important. We still don’t fully trust the technology even though it’s been around for a while. We prefer to talk behind closed doors.”
We also read body language to pick up the atmosphere, he says. “We walk into a meeting and pick up the feel of what the other people are thinking. We watch how Y reacts to what X is saying. You can’t do that by videoconference. Most of us don’t have the self-confidence to believe we can build the sorts of relationships we need with clients and suppliers down the wire. Business travel won’t decrease for that reason. It’s a shame because at the moment we’re burning out an awful lot of people.”
Exercise 4.Read the whole article. Are these statements true or false?
a. Businesspeople are traveling more than ever before.
b. Management consultants travel less than other businesspeople.
c. Most people think that using the Internet is as good as meeting face-to-face.
d. Body language is more important than what people actually say.
e. Business travel will decline in the long run as people use the Internet more and more.
Exercise 5.Choose the best alternative to complete these statements.
a) Sophistication (line4) is when people have a lot of
i) ignorance about something
ii) knowledge, experience and understanding of something.
iii) Interest in something
b) If X has an impact (line7) is a kind of
i) no influence on it.
ii) a connection with it.
iii) an effect on it.
c) A road warrior (line11) is a kind of
i) soldier.
ii) transport employee.
iii) businessperson.
d) A time zone (line 13) is an area of
i) an airport where you can see the times of flights.
ii) a building where there is a public clock.
iii) the world where it is the same time in all places.
e) Something that is global (line13)
i) is round or spherical
ii) happens or involves things all over the world.
iii) is full and complete
Exercise 6.Find words in the article that are opposites of these expressions.
a) slow and low-key
b) infrequent
c) irregularly and with great effort
d) illogical
e) rational
f) fresh, rested and ready to work
Exercise 7.Choose the correct sense for the expressions in italics.
a) “The question is why all the technological gadgetry has failed make a dent in the amount of business travel?” (line35 )
i) a hollow area in a surface
ii) a reduction
b) The answer seems to lie with a simple statistic. (line37)
i) not tell the truth
ii) be found in
c) Facial expressions, body language and eye contact – these are all key conduits.
(line 43)
i) channels of communication
ii) pipes
d) Without them you can’t get past first base. (line 44)
i) get beyond the first stage in a negotiation or discussion – an expression taken from baseball
ii) get beyond the base of something – an expression taken from building houses
e) It’s tough to bond over the Internet. (line 45)
i) use a type of financial investment
ii) make close contact with someone
f) A lot of lobbying goes on before and after meetings. (line 59)
i) meeting in hotel lobbies
ii) attempts to influence people and their decisions
Exercise 8.Match each verb 1-5 to the noun a) – e) that it goes with in the article.
1 read a) the atmosphere
2 pick up b) relationships
3 walk into c) people
4 build d) a meeting
5 burn out e) body language
Exercise 9.Now match each verb 1-5 in Exercise 5 with another noun that it can typically go with.
a) trust
b) a worker
c) a feeling
d) a lamp-post
e) a book
Exercise 10.What is the key message of the article? Choose the best alternative.
a) Videoconferencing will eventually take over from face-to-face meeting.
b) Business meeting will always be necessary because people prefer to meet face-to-face.
c) Airlines face a difficult future as business travel declines.
Exercise 11.Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the box.
|
Passenger cost-cutting disruptive in-flight issues penalties Internet concessions airlines flight respond seats |
In the US, the soaring number of (1)______ complaints across a wide range of (2)_______ reflected in a number of new (3)_______ sites which criticize the (4)_______and demand better service. One of the sites is demanding an air passengers’ Bill of Rights.
Cabin and (5)_________crews, who are in the front line of the battle against (6)________and dangerous (7)______ behavior, have called for stiffer (8)________ against the offenders. Managements have also called for legislation while denying that its (9)________ practices have contributed to the problem. But there are some signs, in the US at least, that the airlines are at last attempting to (10) _______ to customer dissatisfaction. Some major lines have announced (11) ______ most frequent complaint of all, and are removing (12) _______ to make more room for their customers.
Exercise 12.Put in the missing letters to make equivalent words in British or American English.
British English American English
Und_rgr_ _ _ _ subway
Ti _ _ t _ _ le schedule
Single o _ e w_ y
Return r _ _ _ d t _ _ p
M _t _ _ _ _ y freeway
H _ _ d l _ _ _ _ ge carry-on baggage
R _ _ tr _ _ m public toilet
Coach class e _ _ _ _ my c _ _ _ s
Car park pa _ _ _ _ g l _ t
Lift e _ _ _ at _ r
Exercise 13.Complete the following sentences with words from the box.
|
Criticize blame concern disruptive dissatisfaction harm misbehavior |
1. A growing number of people ______ the airlines and demand better service.
2. There are signs that airlines are trying to respond to customer _______.
3. Cases of passenger ______ are unfortunately all too common on long-distance flights.
4. Many analysts ______ alcohol for the phenomenon called “air rage”.
5. Poor service and frequent delays will inevitably ______ an airline’s reputation.
6. Cabin and flight crews often have to deal with ______ and dangerous in-flight behavior.
7. There is increasing ______ that airlines are trying to save money at the expense of customer satisfaction.
Exercise 14.Match the following words with their definitions.
2. airline
3. passenger
4. crew
5. flight
6. queue
7. subway
8. timetable
9. jet-lag
10. schedule
11. traveler
A. a person traveling in a vehicle driven by someone else
B. A journey by aircraft
C. The people who man a ship or aircraft
D. An organization that provides scheduled flights for passengers or cargo
E. An underground passage for pedestrians to cross a road or railway (an underground railway)
F. A line of people or vehicles waiting for something
G. A plan of the times when a job or activity should be done
H. A timed plan of procedure or a project
I. A feeling of fatigue and disorientation often experienced by air passengers who have crossed several time zones in a short space of time
J. A person who travels, esp. habitually
Exercise15.Complete the following sentences.
1. It's so easy doing business with that company; they're so _____________.
a) professional
b) slow to respond
c) bureaucratic
d) impersonal
2. Rico coffee ____________ the best coffee in the world.
a) production
b) producer
c) produces
d) product
3. Which of the following abbreviations is the odd one out?
a) MD
b) CEO
c) PA
d) GMT
4. Which of the following prefixes is used to change the word 'professional' to its opposite
meaning, i.e. 'amateur'?
a) improfessional
b) unprofessional
c) disprofessional
d) misprofessional
5. I didn't want a partner to work with me, I only wanted the capital investment, so I looked
around for a __________ partner.
a) sleeping
b) sleepy
c) dormant
d) tired
6. Kinco Ltd, the big toy producer, has been buying shares in its biggest competitor, Games are Great in an aggressive ___________.
a) merger
b) joint venture
c) alliance
d) takeover
7. The next train leaves from that _________.
a) shelf
b) platform
c) walk
d) table
8. That guy is travelling without a ticket. He hasn't paid! He's a fare __________
a) bandit
b) dodger
c) waster
d) thief
9. This train is always ______ time.
a) exact
b) on
c) down
d) at
10. I'm coming back today and so could I have a __________ ticket?
a) come back
b) single
c) one way
d) return
11. I'm late because my train was _________ .
a) delayed
b) early
c) on time
d) tomorrow
12. Trains ___________ between London and Paris through a tunnel.
a) run
b) track
c) leave
d) send
Grammar
Talking about the future
I) We use “going to” to talk about what we intend to do or what someone else has already decided to do.
- I’m going to buy a new car.
- She’s going to tell us about the ideas.
Both going to and will are used for predictions.
- There’s going to be a flight of capital from the West towards India and China.
- The Fortune Garment Company will continue to lose market share unless it solves its problems.
II) We use ‘ll to make a spontaneous promise or offer to do something.
- “I haven’t got time to do this myself”
“Don’t worry! I’ll give you a hand”
III)We use the present continuous to talk about fixed plans or arrangements.
- I’m meeting Mrs. Da Silva next week. She‘s arriving on Wednesday.
IV) We use the present simple to talk about a schedule.
- The flight leaves at 15:50 tomorrow.
Exercise 16.Match each item with the suitable meaning.
1. As you know, we’re going to increase our special offers.
2. We’re leaving at five o’clock on Friday morning.
3. Flights are going to be delayed again.
4. Hold on. I’ll call our Travel Department and find out for you.
5. Most probably, airport hotels will become increasingly popular.
A. Look at the fog.
B. They know everything about Apex tickets.
C. They couldn’t get us a later flight this time.
D. We are about to start advertising.
E. Many of them have been designed with the business traveler in mind.
Exercise 16.Use the present simple or the present continuous to complete the sentences below.
a. His flight arrives/ is arriving at 6 o’clock tomorrow evening.
b. We’re staying/ stay at the Hilton Hotel for the next month’s sales conference.
c. The next seminar is beginning/ begins at 8 o’clock.
d. I travel/ am travelling by train from Astana to Oskemen next time.
e. The boat is departing/ departs at midday so you have the whole morning to get ready.
f. The delegation from Kazakhstan are seeing/ see the Chairman the
following Friday.
Exercise 17.Complete each dialogue with the correct form of going to or will.
1. A: I am sorry; I cannot take you to the station. Something has just come up.
B: Oh, don’t worry. I _____ (take) a taxi.
2. A: We’ve chosen a name for our new low-cost airline.
B: Really. What ______ (you/call) it?
1. A: Have you decided how to increase the number of passengers?
B: Yes, we ______ (offer) a family discount at weekends.
2. A: I can’t send an e-mail to the travel agent: my computer has just crushed.
B: Write down your details and I _____ (fax) them over for you.
3. A: How’s your daughter?
B: She’s fine. She _____ (learn) to be a pilot for the flying doctor service next year.
Exercise 18. Take turns to complete the following sentences. Use be going to, will, the present continuous or the present simple.
1. I’m sorry; I can’t attend the sales meeting tomorrow. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The marketing departments have decided on their travel plans for the next month. …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The trains are delayed because of bad weather, so .………………………………………………………………………………………. .
4. 4. Don’t worry if you can’t drive me to the airport,
………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. I’ve got the details of your flight to Katon-Karagai. ………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Oh no! There’s been an accident and the traffic is very heavy on the motorway. ……………………………………………………………………
7. Did I give you the departure time? It ………………………………………………
8. I’ve made up my mind………………………………………………………………
Exercise19.Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence:
1. Tomorrow I ________ (paint) all day.
a) will be painting b) will paint
2. By the time we get there, the store ________ (close).
a) will close b) will have closed
3. I ________ (see) you tomorrow at 3:00 PM.
a) will see b) see
4. After we finish this video, I ________ (see) all of this director's movies.
a) will see b) will have seen
5. Can I come over in an hour? No, I ________ (clean) the house.
a) will clean b) will be cleaning
6. This time next week, I ________ (drink) wine in Argentina.
a) will be drinking b) will drink
7. She doesn't realize what kind of person he is, but she ________ (find out).
a) will be finding out b) will find out
8. She insulted me. I ________ (speak) to her again!
a) will never speak b) will have never spoken
9. If he continues drinking so fast, he ________ (drink) the whole bottle by midnight.
a) will have drunk b) will be drinking
10. She ________ (tell) me when her birthday is.
a) will not be telling b) won't tell
Exercise 20.Find the suitable answer.
1. I'm sorry, I'm busy tonight. I __________ to the cinema.
a) am going
b) will go
c) go
d) will going
2. He looks so upset. I think he __________.
a) will cry
b) is going to cry
c) will be crying
d) cries
3. Don't call me after ten o'clock – I __________ .
a) will sleep
b) will be sleeping
c) will have slept
d) will have been sleeping
4. By the summer, I __________ English for ten years!
a) am going to study
b) will study
c) will be studying
d) will have been studying
5. What __________ this evening?
a) you do
b) do you do
c) you are doing
d) are you doing
6. I __________ the homework tonight, I promise!
a) do
b) am doing
c) will do
d) will have been doing
7. Which is the most natural question? '__________ anything tonight?'
a) Are you doing
b) Will you do
c) Do you do
d) Would you like to do
8. And the most natural answer? 'Sorry, __________ my hair'.
a) I'm washing
b) I will wash
c) I wash
d) I washed
9. What's the most natural way to complete this arrangement? 'Do you want to come and
see a film? We ________ outside school at 7'.
a) meet
b) will meet
c) 're meeting
d) met
10. Which is the most natural question? 'I might meet you at the cinema, what time
_____________?
a) is the film starting
b) will the film start
c) does the film start
d) did the film start
11. Which is the most natural future form? 'If you're not there, I _________ you a bell on
your mobile'.
a) 'm going to give
b) give
c) gave
d) 'll give
12. Which is the most natural question? 'What ________ we have for dinner?'
a) will
b) do
c) shall
d) are
Exercise21.Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence:
1. By the time I'm 60, I ________ (lose) all my hair.
a) will have lost b) will lose
2. I won't be able to talk to you in 15 minutes because I ________ (do) my homework.
a) will do b) will be doing
3. By the time I get home, my wife ________ (eat) the whole cake.
a) will have eaten b) will be eating
4. I ________ (talk) to my son about his poor test results.
a) will talk b) will be talking
5. This time tomorrow I ________ (swim) in the ocean.
a) will swim b) will be swimming
6. I ________ (see) you at 7.
a) will have seen b) will see
7. By the time the guests arrive, I ________ (clean) the room.
a) will have cleaned b) will clean
8. I decided that I ________ (become) a doctor.
a) will be becoming b) will become
9. I ________ (travel) for the next month.
a) will travel b) will be traveling
10. I'm really tired today - I ________ (do) my exercises tomorrow.
a) will do b) will be doing
Unit 3
Organization
“How many people work in your office? About half”
Grammar: Noun combinations
Reading: The engineer of the humane corporation
Exercise 1.a) “A company’s most important responsibility is to make a profit.” Do you agree or do you think that organizations should have wider responsibilities towards society?
Exercise 2.b) Read the following text and answer the questions.
The engineer of the humane corporation
Peter Senge has influence. The Fifth Discipline, which encapsulated Prof Senge’s ideas about organizational change, personal development and more besides, has sold close to a million copies. The Society for Organizational Learning (SoL), these days the main focus of his energies, counts BP, Shell, Hewlett-Packard and Intel among its supporters. So, how did a business school academic – he remains a senior lecturer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Slogan School of Management – end up pursuing an agenda that centers on “the interdependent development of people and their organizations as responsible and effective global citizens”?
“Remember that my training is in engineering, not management,” he says. “I trained as an engineer because it was the best way of learning about systems. This field - systems – seemed to me to address the problem: the world was becoming more and more independent, we were creating these patterns of interdependence, and yet we did not know how to understand that. We were simply blind.”
Prof Senge’s ambition remains to apply systems thinking to human systems: societies, organizations and companies. It was an urge that led him in the 1980s to seek out Chris Argyris, of Harvard Business School, and Edgar Schein of MIT Sloan – leaders of the “organizational development” movement.
For Prof Argyris, this means persuading managers to question the politics, backbiting and “defensive routines” that so negatively affect corporate life. For Prof Schein, it means recognizing the importance of “culture”, the unspoken assumptions and established processes that dictate individual behavior in organizations.
It was from this mix of ingredients that Prof Senge produced The Fifth Discipline. The first four disciplines are:
· “personal mastery” (broadly, a commitment to your own and other people’s full development)
· “mental models” (reflecting upon and questioning assumptions )
· “shared vision” (“a force in people’s hearts”)
· “team learning” (or teamwork).
System thinking is the fifth discipline – a way of thinking about problems that brings together the other ingredients and allows for real organizational development.
The influence of The Fifth Discipline is undeniable. As well as launching the “organizational learning” movement, it gave new force to the argument that the most effective organizations are also the most humane. You do not need to be a true believer to acknowledge that the ideas are intriguing. They challenge managers to think deeply not only about their own role but also about goals and purpose. The question is whether the techniques laid out in The Fifth Discipline have really helped, organizations become more effective.
Prof Senge points to SoL’s “sustainability consortium”, a group of companies working to take environmentally unfriendly materials out of their supply chains, as systems thinking and “shared vision” in action. Others are less convinced. Says Prof Schein: “It is by no means clear that making organizations more humane, making them worth being part of, will work in the larger Darwinian scheme of things.”
Exercise 3.Read the whole article to find these things and people.
a) A book written by Peter Senge
b) A foundation for the promotion of Senge’s ideas
c) Four companies
d) A business school that is part of a larger institution
e) Two teachers at the above business school
f) A teacher at Harvard
Exercise 4.Look at the expressions in italics as they are used in the article. True or false? If …
a) a book encapsulates someone’s ideas, it expresses them in a complete way.
b) Something is the focus of someone’s energies; they do not spend much time on it.
c) You pursue an agenda, you have particular ideas that you think are important and that you want other people to share.
d) Things are interdependent; they have no influence on each other.
e) You address a problem; you study it and try to find a solution to it.
f) Something is repeated in a pattern, it has regular and predictable features.
g) You are blind to a particular issue, you understand it fully.
Exercise 5.Match 1-7 with a)-g) to make expressions used in the article.
1. human a) life
2. organizational b) systems
3. defensive c) processes
4. corporate d) development
5. unspoken e) routines
6. established f) behaviour
7. individual g) assumptions
Exercises 6.Now match the expressions in question 3 to their meanings.
a) things we regularly do to protect our position, but that do not help the organization
b) things that we believe and that we never guest ion
c) the things that a person does, considered as a whole
d) the agreed way that things should be done
e) societies, companies, organizations, etc.
f) the way that people in companies behave
g) training and learning by company employees
Exercise 7.Find expressions in the article that mean:
a) impossible to deny. (10 letters)
b) behaving in a way that takes into account people’s feelings. (6 letters)
c) someone who really believes something, usually a religious belief. (4, 8 letters)
d) fascinating. (10 letters)
e) objectives. (5 letters)
f) not good for the atmosphere and materials involved in making a product. (6,5 letters)
g) all the organizations that are the most suited to their environment survive.
h) The system in which the organizations that the most suited to their environment survive. (9 letters)
Exercise 8.What is the key message of the article? Choose the best alternative. Peter Senge’s ideas on systems thinking in organizations …
b) are the only ways forward for business that want to be humane and environmentally friendly.
c) have been accepted by everyone in business and business schools.
d) are interesting but have not been accepted by everyone.
Exercise 6.Answer the question below.
Do/Would you like traveling on business? Why/why not?
Exercise 9.Match these words with their definitions
1. uniform
2. office
3. factory
4. warehouse
5. branches
6. business
7. laptop
8. database
9. union
10. virus
A. A room, set of rooms, or building in which business, professional duties, or clerical work are carried out.
B. A special identifying set of clothes for the members of an organization.
C. A place where goods are stored prior to their sale or distribution.
D. One of a number of shops, offices, or groups that belongs to a central organization.
E. Small and light enough to be held on the user’s lap.
F. a commercial or industrial establishment.
G. An unsanctioned and self-replacing program which, when activated, corrupts a computer’s data disables its operating system.
H. A building where goods are manufactured in large quantities.
I. An association of individuals or groups for a common purpose.
J. A store of information in a form that can be easily handled by a computer.
Exercise 10.Complete the sentences with words from the box.
|
Level breach round waste lack range conflict cost |
1. The level of unemployment will soon reach 15%.
2. They accused the striking workers of being in ______ of contract.
3. There was a growing ______ of interest between her business dealings and her position as a politician.
4. Writing letters by hand is a complete _______ of time. I always type them on the computer.
5. Experts forecast that the _______ of living will decrease slightly next year.
6. We have pleasure in including further information about our ______ of products.
7. We are starting a new _______ of negotiations with GVC Steelworks next month.
8. The seminar on “Motivation at Work” was cancelled through _______ of interest.
Exercise11.Read the sentences below and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best fits each gap.
1. The company's expenditure is much smaller after the latest ___________ exercise.
a) cost-cutting
b) cost-limiting
c) cost-reducing
d) All of the above answers are correct
2. Which is the best answer? Companies can try to reduce how much they spend, but
some __________ are fixed, e.g. rent and energy costs.
a) expenses
b) outgoings
c) overheads
d) costs
3. Since the introduction of a single _________, doing business in Europe has been much simpler.
a) coin
b) currency
c) money
d) dollar
4. Please could you issue an immediate and full ___________ of any money paid.
a) pay me back
b) pay back
c) repay
d) refund
5. Many small businesses fail because they have too many __________ accounts.
a) outstanding
b) unpaid
c) overdue
d) all of the above answers are correct
6. Since the new chairman took over, the company has become increasingly __________.
a) profit
b) profiting
c) profited
d) profitable
Grammar
Noun combinations
II. We use ‘s to express a relationship between a person or organization and another person or thing.
- Mr. Blake’s secretary
- BA’s employees
- Her husband’s car
- Volvo’s reputation
The ‘s very often means that the relationship can be expressed using have.
-Mr. Blake has a secretary.
- Volvo has a reputation.
III. When two nouns are used together, the first noun functions as an adjective and describes the second noun.
- A business office
- An office complex
- A job description
- a travel agency
Sometimes three or more nouns occur together.
- a company credit card (a credit card issued by a company)
- a management training programme ( a training programme designed for management).
IV. Two nouns are joined by of when the ideas are more abstract.
- the cost of living
- independence of mind
- the joy of working and lifelong learning
IV. Some compound nouns are written as one word.
- database
- letterhead
- answer phone
- headquarters
V. When compound nouns are used with a number in expressions of measurement, the first noun is singular.
- a six-lane motorway
- a four-day week
Exercise 12.Find noun combinations in the article “The engineer of the humane corporation”. Write them under these two headings:
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‘s possessive |
phrases with of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise 13.Choose the best noun combination in each group.
1. a) a data’s base
b) a base of data
c) a database
2. a) Europe’s companies
b) company of Europe
c) European company
3. a) SOL logo
b) logo of SOL
c) SOL’s logo
4. a) ways of a number
b) a number of ways
c) number’s ways
5. a) letter of credit
b) a credit’s letter
c) a letter’s credit
6. a) today conference
b) today’s conference
c) the conference of today
7. a) head office
b) head’s office
c) office of head
8. a) the team’s performance
b) performance of team
c) team performance
Exercise 14.Match each noun in column A to two of the nouns in column B to make word partnerships.
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Column B |
|
|
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a) union b) program c) virus a) technology b) force c) desk a) project b) findings c) knowledge a) goods b) logos c) awareness a) union b) technology c) fair a) house b) headquarters c) logo a) force b) technology c) market a) campaign b) department c) trade a) style b) technology c) policy a) virus b) cards c) plan |
|
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Column A |
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1.computer 2. information 3. research 4. consumer 5. trade 6. company 7. labor 8. sales 9.management 10. business
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Unit 4
Change
Grammar: Past Simple and Present Perfect
Reading: “Coastal wealth radiates across inland China”
Exercise 1.Answer the following questions.
a. What has been the most significant change in your life?
b. Has your country changed much in the last 20 years? If so, in what way?
c. Which of these business situations would worry you most? Why?
i. You read in the paper that your company will probably be merging with another company.
ii. You keep your job after a merger, but you are in a less powerful position.
iii. Your company has to relocate to the other side of the city.
iv. You have to move from an open plan office to sharing your boss’s office.
v. You have to work with a completely new computer system.
Exercise 2.Read this article and answer the questions.
Coastal wealth radiates across inland China
Inland cities such as Nanchang, capital of the southern Chinese province of Jiangxi, have been largely off the map for foreign and domestic investors. Only four years ago, staff at its airport still referred to overseas tourists as “foreign guests”, a term no longer used along China’s industrialized east cost. But Nanchang’s fortunes are changing. The construction of several motorways and railways in the past few years has made the city less remote and has attracted manufacturing industries inland from the cost.
“You can reach Shanghai in six hours, Fuzhou in six hours and Guangzhou in six hours”, Li Douluo, Nanchang’s mayor, said in an interview at the National People’s Congress in Beijing. “You can reach 450m people within about six hours of Nanchang. We are at a hub between the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta.”
The story of Nanchang illustrated an important emerging theme. The rapid development of coastal China in the past two decades is starting to radiate inland at a considerable pace. The impoverished provinces of Jiangxi, Hunan and Anhui – centers of the Communist revolution in 1949 – are becoming favored investment destinations. The main attraction of such places is the cheap cost of the labor they can offer. The average manufacturing wage in Nanchang is about Rmb600 ($72, 58€, ₤39) a month, significantly less than the Rmb900-Rmb1,000 common in The Pearl River Delta, an area of concentrated manufacturing capacity in the southern province of Guangdong. Not surprisingly, it has been the industries with the thinnest profit to migrate. “The first arrivals have been companies such as air-conditioner makers,” said Mr. Li, naming Greencool, Midea and TCL, three large domestic manufactures of consumer electronics. Teco Group, a Taiwanese home appliance group, has also invested $30m to build a plant making refrigerators, air-conditioners, humidifiers and microwave ovens.
However, in common with many areas of China, Nanchang is suffering from a shortage of electricity and the rising cost of steel, cement, aluminium and other materials required to build factories. “We have done a deal with cement factories in our area to sign long-term, fixed-price contracts so as to shield ourselves from rising costs,” Mr. Li said. He laughed at the idea that Nanchang might be suffering from too much investment, in spite of warnings at the NPC that the growth in certain industry sectors needs to be restrained. “Our company is not overheating. We are just starting to catch up with the coastal areas,” Mr. Li said.
Structural changes such as the construction of infrastructure and new housing for an urbanizing population were drivers of long-term demand. The migration of farmers to Nanchang was planned to increase its population from 1.8m to 2.5m in 2005 and 3m in 2010.
Exercise 3.Read through the whole article and list the following.
a) the Chinese cities
b) the mainland Chinese province, and
c) the companies mentioned
Exercise 4. Look at the article. True or false? Give the expressions that support your answers. Nanchang …
a) is on the cost
b) was until recently not considered as a place for investment.
c) Is not staying the same
d) Is just as difficult to reach as it always has been.
e) Is becoming important as a center of manufacturing.
f) Has good transport links in the area.
Exercise 5.Match 1-8 with a-h to make expressions used in the article.
1. main a) province
2. average b) manufacturing capacity
3. concentrated c) attraction
4. southern d) arrivals
5. thinnest e) electronics
6. first f) manufactures
7. domestic g) wage
8. consumer h) profit margins
Exercise 6.Match the expressions in exercise 5 to their meanings.
a) Apart of China in the north, east or west
b) Chinese companies rather than overseas ones that produce things
c) The industry that makes electrical goods for home use
d) Where a lot of manufacturing takes place
e) Most important factor
f) Companies that start manufacturing in a place before others do
g) Where the level of profit is extremely low
h) The typical amount that people in an industry or area earn
Exercise 7.Choose the best alternative to replace the expressions in italics.
iii) based on
iv) like
a) Nanchang is suffering from a shortage of electricity and the rising cost of steel, cement, aluminium and other materials required to build factories.(line 67)
i) lack
ii) excess
iii) amount
c) “We have done a deal with cement factories. (line 71)
i) finished a project
ii) signed contracts with
iii) given promises to
d) in our area to sign long-term, fixed-price contracts so as to shield ourselves from rising costs,” Mr. Li said. (line74)
i) detect
ii) suspect
iii) protect
e) He laughed at the idea that Nanchang might be suffering from too much investment, in spite of warnings at the NPC that the growth in certain industry sectors needs to be restrained. (line 81)
i) encouraged
ii) maintained
iii) limited
f) “Our company is not overheating. We are just starting to catch up with the coastal areas,” Mr. Li said. (line82)
i) growing too fast in a way that cannot be continued
ii) growing too slowly in a way that cannot be continued
iii) getting smaller in a way that cannot be continued
g) Structural changes such as the construction of infrastructure and new housing for an urbanizing population … (line 88)
i) a population that is increasingly rural
ii) a population that is increasingly sophisticated
iii) a population that is increasingly in towns
h) … were drivers of long-term demand. (line 89)
i) causes
ii) results
iv) consequences
Exercise 8.What is the key message of the article? Choose the best alternative. China’s rapid industrialization …
a) is not reaching the poorest parts of the country
b) is reaching parts of the country that it has not previously reached
c) has reached new parts of the country, but this trend will not last for long.
Exercise 9.Write the verbs from the box under the correct prefix to make words connected with change. Use a dictionary to help you. Some of the words can be used with more than one prefix.
|
centralize organize train grade regulate size develop launch locate structure
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down- |
de- |
up- |
re- |
|
|
centralize |
|
|
Exercise 10.Find the synonyms of these words.
|
1) change 2) money 3) domestic 4) consumer 5) launch 6) client 7) shopper 8) kiosk 9) agent 10) wage
|
a) union b) transform c) virus a) currency b) force c) desk a) project b) findings c) household a) purchaser b) logos c) awareness a) union b) start on c) fair a) house b) headquarters c) logo a) force b) technology c) buyer a) booth b) department c) trade a) negotiator b) technology c) policy a) virus b) cards c) income |
Exercise11.Write down the second form of these verbs:
1 begin 11 fall 21 lay 31 Lear
2 break 12 find 22 lean 32 throw
3 bring 13 fly 23 lend 33 understand
4 buy 14 forget 24 make 34 wake
5 catch 15 get 25 rise 35 wear
6 come 16 give 26 seek 36 win
7 cost 17 go 27 sew 37 write
8 do 18 have 28 shake 38 thrust
9 drink 19 hear 29 sing 39 tread
10 eat 20 know 30 sling 40 ride
Exercise 12.Match these words with their definitions
1. kiosk
2. merger
3. to discount
4. costumer
5. develop
6. supermarket
7. vendor
8. agent
9. wholesale
10. client
A) The act of merging, esp. the combination of two or more companies.
B) A person who buys goods or services.
C) To grow or bring to a later, more elaborate, or more advanced stage.
D) A person who sells goods such as newspapers or hamburgers from a stall or cart.
E) Of or by the business of selling goods in large quantities and at lower prices to retailers for resale.
F) A small booth from which cigarettes, newspapers, and sweets are sold.
G) To deduct (an amount or percentage) from the amount of something.
H) A large self-service shop selling foods and household goods.
I) A person who arranges business for other people.
J) Someone who uses the service of a professional person or organization.
Grammar
Past Simple and Present Perfect
|
Past Simple |
Present Perfect |
|
Ved/V2 |
have (has) V3 |
|
· We use the past simple to refer to events that took place in the past -A pharmacist called John Pemberton invented coca-cola. - “Did you go to Berlin last week?”- “Yes, and I met Herr Gauchely.”
· We frequently use a time adverb to situate the event in finished past time.
- Rolls Royce went bust in 1973 - A few years ago, the City Plaza was a leader in its segment of the market. - Many people lost a lot of money on the Stock Exchange during the 1990s. · We use the past simple in annual reports to describe the company’s perform Ana over the last year. - Last year was a good year for our group. - Saks rose by more than 11% and we made substantial gains in market share in a number of countries. |
· We use the present perfect to say that a finished past action is relevant now. - They have developed a now brand of toothpaste. - The chair has recently resigned.
· We use the present perfect when we are thinking of time continuing up to the present. - For over 50 years, Styling Cars has developed classic sports cars. - Calvin Klein has been one of the leading designers since the mid-1970s.
· We often use this tense to talk about our life experiences. - She has had a number of interesting jobs. - He has worked for a variety of firms.
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Exercise 13.Tick (√) the sentence that is correct. Correct those that are not.
1. Do you think Vicky’s always known the truth about us?
2. That’s been the second time you’ve forgotten to post something for me.
3. I haven’t seen Peter since he begins seeing new girlfriend.
4. Ever since we met, you never asked me what I prefer to do.
5. In all my life, I never spoke to someone who is quite so stupid.
6. I don’t think Paul and Carol have seen much of each other of late.
7. This is the only occasion that I’ve seen him wearing a tie.
8. Since he’s lived here, he was usually extremely friendly.
9. They will join us after they’ll get a bite to eat.
10. He says he hasn’t yet come to a final.
Exercise 14.Change each sentence into the present perfect tense.
Ex: "I played baseball --> I have played baseball"
1. I ate vegetables. I have ____________ vegetables.
2. I came. I have____________ .
3. My cousins sold their car. They have ____________ their car.
4. I told a story. I have ____________ a story.
5. They saw my friend. They have ____________ my friend.
6. We cleaned our room. We have ____________ our room.
7. I flew to Mexico City. I have ____________ to Mexico City.
8. I thought about going on vacation. I have ____________ about going on vacation.
9. I spoke to Mary about you. I have____________ to Mary about you.
10. She chose the blue pants. She has ____________ the blue pants.
Exercise 15.Irregular past tense
1. I couldn’t sleep last night, I ___________ up around 4 and couldn’t get back to sleep
again until 6.
a) woke
b) wake
c) waken
d) waked
2. Fearless aviator Wiley Post ___________ around the world in the first ever solo
around-the-world flight in 1933.
a) flied
b) flown
c) flyed
d) flew
3. I ___________ you said it was going to be a nice day?
a) think
b) thought
c) thinked
d) taught
4. They ___________ all around Greece last summer.
a) driven
b) drive
c) drove
d) drived
5. Who ___________ my fish and chips? I was going to have that for my dinner
tonight!
a) ate
b) eat
c) eight
d) eaten
6. She _____________ English at a university in Canada
a) teach
b) teached
c) taught
d) taughted
Exercise 16.Change each sentence into the present perfect tense.
Ex: "I am playing baseball --> I have played baseball"
1. I am speaking to you. I have ____________ to you.
2. That man is driving a car. That man has ____________ a car.
3. My friend is sleeping. My friend has ____________ .
4. She is in Prague. She has ____________ in Prague.
5. They are arguing about money. They have ____________ money.
6. They are taking a test. They have ____________ a test.
7. She is eating. She has ____________.
8. I am listening to music. I have ____________ to music.
9. The musician is playing a song. The musician has ____________ a song.
10. She is flying to Berlin. She has ____________ to Berlin.
11. I ate vegetables. I have ____________ vegetables.
12. I came. I have____________ .
13. My cousins sold their car. They have ____________ their car.
14. I told a story. I have ____________ a story.
15. They saw my friend. They have ____________ my friend.
16. We cleaned our room. We have ____________ our room.
17. I flew to Mexico City. I have ____________ to Mexico City.
18. I thought about going on vacation. I have ____________ about going on vacation.
19. I spoke to Mary about you. I have____________ to Mary about you.
20. She chose the blue pants. She has ____________ the blue pants.
Unit 5
Money
“Value time over money - only time cannot be replenished” (proverb)
Grammar: Describing trends
Reading: “Shares fall as BSkyB plans for long-term”
Exercise 1.Answer the following questions.
1. Do you know exactly how much cash do you have with you at the moment?
2. Do you check prices in several shops before you buy something?
3. If you go to a canteen with your group mate do you offer to pay the whole bill?
4. If you lend a friend money and he/she forget to pay it back, do you remind him/her that they owe you money?
Exercise 2a) Answer this question: Do you subscribe to satellite or cable TV? Why/ why not?
b) Read this article and answer the questions.
Shares fall as BSkyB plans for long-term
British Sky Broadcasting saw more than ₤2bn ($3.6bn) wiped off its market value on Wednesday after Europe’s largest pay-television group outlined growth plans. Investors took fright at proposals to increase marketing and infrastructure investment to attract customers to the pay-TV market and the pressure this puts on the company’s short-term profitability. The shares fell 19 percent, or 114p, to a two-year low of 488p.
James Murdoch, BSkyB’s Chief Executive, said a “short term fall in operating margin” was expected in 2006, with significant growth from 2007 onwards. “There will be a reduction in terms of margin in the short term because of the increased volume of subscribers coming in those years,” he added.
Some analysts’ fears that growth was running out of steam under the existing business model were worsened by yesterday’s disappointing news that just 81,000 new subscribers were added in the final quarter of last year to 7.4m. However, Mr. Murdoch said BSkyB was on track to meet its target of 8m subscribers by the end of 2005. He also set out a new target of 10m subscribers by 2010.About ₤25m will be spent on advertising and a further ₤450m would be invested in its infrastructure over four years.
Pre-tax profit almost quadrupled to ₤480m in the year to June 30, compared with ₤122m the previous year. Group turnover was ₤3.66bn, up from ₤ 3.19bn in 2003. The full year dividend was 6p, payable from earnings per share of 16.6p, up from 9.6p. BSkyB expected the penetration of pay television to reach 80 percent of UK households in the long term, compared with 43 percent at the end of this period.
It believed it would benefit from increasing take-up of pay television as younger customers arrive on the market, and by technological advances. Mr. Murdoch said:“As a management team you have to be focused on the long-term, on creating real, durable value . . . we’ve only scratched the surface here. This is essentially a business that has its best years ahead.”
Exercise 3.Read through the whole article. True or false?
a) Its market value – the total current value of BSkyB’s shares – is now ₤2 billion.
b) BSkyB’s share price has risen.
c) There were under 100,000 new subscribers in the last quarter of the last term.
d) James Murdoch thinks the numbers of new subscribers will continue to rise in the long term.
e) BSkyB will spend more than ₤20 million on advertising in the next few years.
f) For the last full business year to June 30, profits increased by almost 400 percent.
g) The group had turnover (sales) of below £3 billion.
h) BSkyB already reaches 80 percent of UK homes.
Exercise 4.Replace the expressions in italics in this extract of the article with items a-f.
a) were made nervous by
b) gave information about
c) a very big increase
d) spending on facilities and equipment
e) profits over the next one or two years
f) Operating profits
British Sky Broadcasting saw more than ₤2bn ($3.6bn) wiped off its market value on Wednesday after Europe’s largest pay-television group outlined growth plans.
Investors took fright at proposals to increase marketing and infrastructure investment to attract customers to the pay-TV market and the pressure this puts on the company’s short-term profitability. The shares fell 19 percent, or 114p, to a two-year low of 488p.
James Murdoch, BSkyB’s Chief Executive, said a “short term fall in operating margin” was expected in 2006, with significant growth from 2007 onwards. “There will be a reduction in terms of margin in the short term because of the increased volume of subscribers coming in those years,” he added.
Exercise 5.Correct these statements about expressions used in the article.
a) If an activity runs out of smoke, it slows down.
b) If you set off a target, you decide what it will be.
c) Infrastructure is buildings, equipment and facilities.
d) The amount paid to shareholders for a particular period is the divide for that period.
e) A company’s sales in relation to total sales in a particular market are its obstruction of that market.
f) The take-in of a service or product is the number of people who buy it.
g) If you have only scratched the skin of something, you have only just started on it.
Exercise 6.Complete the following letter using the correct alternatives.
Dear Ms Lemaire
It was a ____ (1) meeting you here at Slim Gyms last Thursday. We had a very interesting discussion. We have now _____ (2) your ______ (3) and they were both very positive. I am therefore _____ (4) to offer you the _____ (5) of General Manager for our chain of Health and Leisure Clubs. We can offer a salary of $70,000 a year, plus the usual ______ (6).
We would like you to work on September 1st. However, we have a special week of ____ (7) for all our managers during the week of August 15th in Kansas City, and I think it would be helpful and useful if you could ______ (8) this. It will help you to get to know the company and your future ______ (9)!
Please could you confirm that you wish to ______ (10) this post, and also let me know if you can go to Kansas City, for the course?
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely
1. a) happiness b) pleasure c) fun d) gladness
2. a) controlled b) certified c) tested d) checked
3. a) refers b) referees c) references d) referred
4. a) delighted b) content c) ecstatic d) over the moon
5. a) location b) situated c) position d) spot
6. a) benefactors b) benefits c) kindnesses d) vantages
7. a) formation b) training c) educating d) teaching
8. a) assist b) attenuate c) attend d) locate
9. a) cooperative b) co-employees c) colleges d) colleagues
10. a) take off b) take out c) take up d) take in
Exercise 7a) what kind of movement do the verbs below describe?
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decline double decrease gain fall fluctuate drop halve improve increase level off peak rocket triple rise plummet recover jump
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b) Translate these verbs.
Exercise 8.Fill each of the gaps in this passage with one suitable word.
I’ve (1)…….. that Stefan’s success as a teacher is due to his eccentricity as much his knowledge of the subject. From the first time he ever (2) … into a classroom, students have always loved him. They have probably (3)… met anybody who displays such an extraordinary mixture of enthusiasm and great personal warmth. It (4) … also probably the first time they have (5) … somebody who always wears a leather jacket and a scarf even at the height of summer.
Exercise 9.Match these words with their definitions
1. payment
2. money
3. tax
4. shares
5. investment
6. price
7. bankrupt
8. bill
9. cash
10. debt
A) Banknotes and coins, rather than cheques.
B) A statement of money owned for goods or services.
C) The amount of money for which a thing is bought or sold.
D) A compulsory payment to a government to raise revenue, levied on, income, property, or goods and services.
E) A means of payment and measure of value; the official currency, in the form of banknotes or coins, issued by a government.
F) A sum of money owned.
G) A person, declared by a court to be unable to pay his or her debts, whose property is sold and the proceeds distributed among the creditors.
H) The act of investing; something in which money is invested.
I) Any of the equal parts into which the capital stock of a company is divided.
J) The act of paying; a sum of money paid.
Exercise 10.In this word square there are six hidden words, all connected with American money matters. The words are horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.
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H |
A |
D |
O |
P |
T |
Q |
S |
X |
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A |
N |
I |
C |
K |
E |
L |
C |
J |
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L |
A |
M |
E |
Z |
P |
N |
I |
G |
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F |
S |
E |
N |
D |
X |
R |
N |
U |
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D |
F |
S |
T |
O |
H |
K |
L |
Y |
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O |
B |
V |
M |
L |
Y |
T |
A |
D |
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L |
M |
N |
P |
L |
I |
A |
Q |
I |
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L |
A |
Q |
U |
A |
R |
T |
E |
R |
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A |
F |
S |
K |
R |
I |
V |
Z |
U |
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R |
W |
R |
T |
S |
J |
K |
N |
V |
Exercise 11.Choose the best answer.
1. I’d love to help, but I just can’t _________ the time right now.
a) spare
b) have
c) save
d) spend
2. You couldn’t ________ me a fiver, could you?
a) waste
b) spare
c) afford
d) run out of
3. I don’t get paid for ages and I’ve ___________ money already!
a) wasted
b) saved
c) spent
d) run out of
4. I’d really like to buy a new car, but I’m afraid I just __________ one.
a) saved
b) can’t afford
c) wasted
d) ran out of
5. Sheena decided to _________ for a new bike by putting half of her pocket money in
a piggy bank every week.
a) spend
b) waste
c) save
d) invest
6. I couldn’t finish the exam, I was just too _________ time.
a) run out of
b) short of
c) spent
d) wasted
Grammar
Describing trends
I)
§ To describe changing circumstances we can use verbs of movement.
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Improve increase recover rise decline decrease drop fall
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§ A dramatic movement maybe expressed by:
rocket soar
dive plummet
§ A sight movement can be indicated by:
edge up
edge down dip
§ The amount of increase can also be indicated using these verbs.
halve (/2)
double (x2)
triple (x3)
quadruple (x4)
increase tenfold (x10)
Or with a preposition:
- Our business grew by 15% last year.
- Sales have increased from € 5 million to€5.8 million.
II)
§ Changes which have not reached their end-point are expressed using –ing.
- Profits are falling.
- Unemployment has been rising.
§ If the change is complete, we use a perfect tense.
- The Government has privatized the rail network.
- Sales have increased and that has meant higher profits.
Exercise 12.Tick (√) the most appropriate of the underlined words.
1. She looks pale. I think she’ll/ she’s going to faint.
2. I’ll / I’m going to do that for you, if you like.
3. I’ll be/ I’m going to be a rocket scientist when I grow up.
4. ‘Somebody’s at the door.’ ‘I’ll / I’m going to see who it is.’
5. I need to be home early today so I leave / am leaving at 4.00.
6. We’ll be in plenty of tine providing the traffic is not / won’t be too bad.
7. She asked if I would / will be so kind as to give her a lift.
8. What sort of job do you think you will do / will be doing in a few years’ time?
9. By the time you get back, all the food will have gone / will go.
10. The two Prime Ministers are to / shall discuss the current economic crisis.
Exercise 13.Circle a letter A, B, C or D that best fills each numbered gap.
As time (26)…, the power of newspapers seems to be on the (27)…, This is odd because in the relatively (28)… Past people were predicting that the influence of the written word would diminish in (29)……. Proportion to the rate of increase of the spoken word and moving image through TV and video. As people whole-heartedly (30)… the internet and cable and satellite television, why don’t we see newspapers (31)… out? How have these organs survived, let alone (32)……., particularly on a Sunday? Why don’t people who have watched a football match live on the small screen (33)… the wisdom of rushing out the next day to read a (34)…...version of it in four or five columns? Why would anyone who has seen a film and formed a (35) ……. Impression of it the following day read a review of the (36) … film in a newspaper. To see if s/he is right? Isn’t that what friends are for? Don’t we have colleagues for just that purpose- to see if our ideas on any (37)…….song, film or programmer tally with others’? What is this product that (38) ……… of not much more than outrageous headlines, wayward comment, subjective editorials and hyperbolic sports pages still doing in our lives? It seems for the time (39)…… to be leading a charmed life. When it finally goes, though, many may come to mourn its (40)…….. .
26 A flies B passes C goes D drags
27Aincrease B rise C expansion D build
28 A latest B distant C immediate D recent
29 A exact B direct C precise D equal
30 A embrace B view C agree D win
31 A going B decreasing C dying D declining
32 A flourished B bloomed C flowered D rooted
33 A press B question C ask D increase
34 A curtailed B cut C reduced D potted
35 A vivid B colored C bright D direct
36 A exact B self-same C last D copied
37 A given B taken C subjected D written
38 A comprises B contains C consists D informs
39 A out B being C given D present
40 A perishing B dying C falling D passing
Vocabulary
Spoken etiquettes
Unit I
- How about reducing the price?
- Why don’t we aim our products at …?
Young people
Teenagers
Adults
Women
Men
- What’s your opinion?
- What’s your view?
- I’d go along with that.
- That’s a great idea!
- I sea what you mean, but …
- I think so too.
- I suggest that we try and project …
- How do you feel about …?
- Why do you think some people dislike brands?
- Where does the name … come from?
- I’m afraid I can’t agree.
- In my opinion, …
- Who does the brand appeal now?
Unit II
- Would you accompany me to the bus stop?
- I’m here on vacation (holiday)/ business.
- I’m on my own.
- I’m with my family.
- Can I pay in …
Dollar/rubles/pounds
- When is the … flight to London?
First/next/last
- I’d like two … tickets to Almaty.
One-way (single)/round-trip (return)/first class/business class/economy class
- Are there any supplements/discounts?
- I’d like to … my reservation for flight number 12.
Cancel/change/confirm
- How long is the flight?
- What time does the plane leave?
- What time we will arrive?
- What time do I have to check-in?
- How much luggage is allowed free?
- I’m (just) about to go out. (= in a very short time)
- We were on the point of leaving when the bell rang.
- We’re due to meet in half an hour.
- We’ll deal with that in due course.
- Nothing will change for the foreseeable future.
- I wonder what the future has in store/ what lies ahead.
- From now on, thing will be different.
- The time is fast approaching when….
- A feeling of impending doom.
Unit III
- Hello … Nice to see you again!
- Hi …. How are you?
- How’s everything going?
- I’d like you to meet …
- The company was founded in …
- We make/ manufacture/ sell/ distribute …
- Our subsidiaries/ factories/ branches in …
- It has several contracts with big companies.
- How about you?
- I work in …
- I’m responsible for …
- I’m in charge of …
- Say that you would like to …
- Can I introduce you to …?
- Not too bad, thanks!
- That’s torn it! (= You, we, etc. have done something that someone else will complain strongly about)
- Now you’ve done it! (= You’ve done something seriously wrong)
- She’s arrived. (= She’s achieved fame, success, acceptance, etc. at last)
- He’s lost it. (= He’s lost his patience or self-control)
- You’ve got me there! (= Good point: I’ve no idea what the solution is)
Unit IV
- I like the idea
- I’m not sure I agree with you there
- I agree with you about …
- Could I just say something?
- Well I am not happy about it.
- How do you mean …
- What I mean is …
- It is too early …
- I don’t want to comment on …
- Sorry, I do not think that is a good idea.
- I’m afraid I’m not very happy about that.
- I’m afraid I don’t follow you.
- Sure, nobody doubts that
- I agree with you completely
- Don’t exaggerate!
- What I mean is …
Unit V
- May I have my bill, please?
- Could I have a receipt, please?
- I’d like to pay.
- Can I pay with credit card?
- I don’t have any smaller change.
- I’d like a refund.
- Can I change foreign currency here?
- Can I withdraw money on my credit card?
- Where are the ATMs (cash machine)?
- The cash machine has eaten my card.
- Sales decreased slightly…
- Sales fluctuated…
- Sales peaked, in…
- Sales, showed…
- Sales went down steadily…
- They’ve made it! (=They’ve succeeded)
- I’ve had enough. (=I’m fed up. I don’t want to do any more).
- You’ve had it! (=You’re in trouble)
Список литературы:
1. English-Russian phrase book and dictionary. 2nd edition, Moscow- 2005.
2. Collins college dictionary, Wratham, England.
3. Market Leader(new edition) Intermediate Business English Course Book; David Cotton, David Falvey, Simon Kent, Longman
4. Market Leader(new edition) Intermediate Business English Practice File; John Rogers, Longman
5. Английский язык, сборник упражнений; С.Петрова, О.Рудавин, Москва-2003
6. Russian-Kazakh-English subject-thematic dictionary
7. New English File, Pre-Intermediate Student’s Book, Oxford
Содержание
1. Unit I ……………………………………………………………….….3
2. Unit 2 …………………………………………………………………11
3. Unit 3 …………………………………………………………………23
4. Unit 4………………………………………………………………….31
5. Unit 5………………………………………………………………….40
6. Vocabulary…………………………………………………………….48