Некоммерческое акционерное общество

АЛМАТИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ И СВЯЗИ

Кафедра Иностранные языки

 

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК      

 Английский язык. Методические указания для развития умений перцепции на основе видеоматериалов (для всех специальностей)

 

 

Алматы 201

СОСТАВИТЕЛЬ: Сергеева Л.Д. Английский язык. Методические указания для развития умений перцепции на основе видеоматериалов (для всех специальностей) – Алматы. АУЭС, 2011. – 31 с.

  

Методические указания предназначены для развития перцептивных умений  студентов 1 курса всех специальностей. Целью методической разработки является формирование у будущих инженеров перцептивной и когнитивной компетенций. При применении коротких видеоматериалов продолжительностью 3-5 минут на английском языке с субтитрами происходит соединение зрительного образа и слухового ряда, что облегчает восприятие и новый материал становится доступным студентам с разным уровнем владения иностранным языком. Происходит соединение графического и слухового образа, что позволяет студентам в короткие сроки овладеть метаязыком специальности, повышается мотивация в овладении иностранным языком.  Ситуативность и динамизм изображения делают это вид наглядности эффективным средством обучения коммуникации. Так же установка перед началом просмотра с опорой на фреймовую пресуппозицию позволяют студентам в короткие сроки усвоить большой объем нового материала (эргономичность). Методические указания рекомендуются к изданию. 

  

         Рецензент: ст. преподаватель С.Б. Бухина

  

         Печатается по плану издания некоммерческого акционерного общества «Алматинский университет энергетики и связи» на 2011г

  

 

© НАО Алматинский университет энергетики и связи, 2011 г.

 
Сводный план 2011г., поз. ___290__

Unit 7       

Transport 

Pre-watching                 

1 Automobile is motor-driven road vehicle. It is used for transporting people. Look at the picture and complete the table: find terms for definitions.

Automobile

 

Term

Definition

1

one of the two lights on the front of a vehicle, used for driving at night

2

One of the red lights on the either side of the back of a vehicle

3

mounted pane of glass

4

external mirror used for looking backwards

5

place for stowing baggage

6

amber light that is used to signal changes in the car's direction

7

movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window of a car

8

movable apparatus that protects against bumps

9

window pane situated approximately above the rear wheel

10

round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance

11

plastic or metal decoration over the radiator

12

side rear part of the body that covers the wheel

13

apparatus at the front and rear of a vehicle that protects the body from minor bumps

14

piece of metal covering the hubs

15

vertical structure that supports the top of the car

16

piece of metal that carries a number used to identify the automobile

17

side fore part of the body that covers the wheel

18

opening used to enter the passenger compartment

19

vertical structures that encase the windows

20

part of the door used to open it

21

cover of the engine compartment at the front of a car

22

the front window of a car. British English windscreen

23

movable part that allows the roof of a car to be partially opened

24

upper part of a car, covering the passenger compartment

Watch the video “Car – Part I” and check your answers.

 

2 Can you name all parts inside the car? Look at the picture and complete the table: find terms for definitions.

Automobile (view from below)

Term

Definition

1

band of rubber composed of a casing of textile and iron, covered with rubber and containing a air tube

2

network of pipes through which spent gas is expelled

3

type of container in which the piston is moving

4

apparatus that cools the motor

5

device carrying engine power to axles

6

axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels

7

device for reducing shocks

8

container used for storing extra gas

9

liquid tight metal envelope containing oil

10

mechanism that automatically amplifies the movements of the steering wheel

11

gear system connecting the two axles of a car

12

metal envelope protecting the clutch

13

bar that crosses the bottom rear part of a vehicle. The rear wheels are attached to its ends

14

device using static energy to modify the electric current

         Watch the video “Car – Part II” and check your answers.

 

Watching

Video 1

“Future cars: Automatrix Online”

Pre-watching

1 What do you know about AutoMatrix? What type of system is it? Read the text to understand main engineering idea:

AutoMatrix

AutoMatrix is a vehicle traffic simulator that models cars driving through a street map, as well as the algorithms that can be used to route and direct these cars. It successfully simulates vehicle traffic congestion due to heavy usage or traffic incidents, and the effects on surrounding areas. Using NVIDIA CUDA parallel processing technology, the simulator can easily handle millions of cars driving across the map simultaneously.

The goal for the project is to study real-time, dynamic routing algorithms for nodes in sparse graphs, such as street maps. The algorithm will consider current and known future conditions, and will also be able to react to unplanned incidents that occur. In terms of vehicles on the street, this translates to finding the fastest way to direct a large number of cars to get them from their starting points to their destinations.

AutoMatrix can easily route many different cars at once. Cars from all over the map are all making their way to City Hall using the AutoMatrix grid-based routing.  

Watching

2 Watch the video and decide if there statements True or False:

а) The environment is becoming increasingly embedded with information about the destination that you're travelling to.

b)    The automatrix won’t enable your car to talk to other cars, think chat rooms in motion.

c)     By communicating with other car, now we can communicate with people on this area who may share similar interest to our.

d)    You can establish a real video conference while you're driving.

e)     It is possible to share music between cars when you're stuck in traffic.

f)      The young designers of today, like Ryan Joyce of the GM Intern Design Program are completely at home imagining cars as entertainment and social centers.

g)     My Cocoon presents seating and driving in a new life. The actual dynamics of driving the car are going to become secondary to entertainment and communication.

h)     We were delving into LCD windows. So, when you are driving through Manhattan during rush hour, why not be in an island scene in Hawaii.

i)       The automatrix can be customized to whatever extent we choose, and that is because our cars play a different role in every ones lives, and will continue to do so in the future. 

3 Watch the video again and complete the first column of the table.

 

Video 2

“Future Cars – Biodiesel Sports Car”

Pre-watching

What is Bio-diesel? What is it made from? Name its advantages.

Bio-diesel is the common name for fuel made from vegetable oil. This can either be from crops grown specifically (such as soya) or can be made from recycled vegetable oil.

All Hour Car bio-diesel is made from vegetable oil (usually recycled) which has undergone a process of trans-esterification to make a fuel very similar in properties to pump diesel.

Bio-diesel is a much cleaner fuel than fossil diesel, producing far lower levels of pollutants. It is also Carbon Neutral. That is, the Carbon Dioxide produced when it is burned is the same as that which is absorbed from the atmosphere when it is a plant.

The concept of using bio-diesel fuel for vehicles dates back to 1885, when Dr. Rudolph Diesel developed the first diesel engine, which he originally ran on vegetable oil. When he demonstrated his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 he used peanut oil to power it.

Bio-diesel is the easiest, cleanest and most sustainable and renewable form of vehicle fuel currently available.

It can be manufactured from waste cooking oils. It is safely biodegradable and non-toxic.

 

Watching

1 Watch the video and choose the correct answer:

1) What do these 2 super cars have in common? They both  ___

         a) have a powerful masculine appeal with feminine curves

         b) have a futuristic appearance

         c) built to run on biofuels

         d) all of them

2) The Aero X is all ethanol, but the attack is powered by 100% biodiesel and built by 100% ___

a) kids

b) engineers

3) Biodiesel is basically diesel with ___

a) a vegetable oil

b) a fruit oil

c) a flower oil

4) Diesel engines actually use ___ instead of spark plugs to ignite the fuels.

         a) electricity

         b) heat

         c) gas

5) Biodiesel has almost zero net ___ output.

         a) carbon dioxide

         b) carbon monoxide

6) The next step for their creation, ____

a) add an electric motor and create a hybrid

b) add a gasoline engine and create a hybrid

2 Watch the video again and complete the second column of the table.

 

Video 3

“Future Cars - Air Cars”

Watching

1 Watch the video and complete video transcript:

 

return    emission    gas    petrol    Jules Verne    air    prototypes    engine

"This is Future Car."

"Think about a car than even runs on ___ (1), the air we breathe, the air that's for free. Only if we dare, only if we dare to imagine a future beyond anything that's available today."

"Science fiction novelist, ___ (2) predicted that cars would one day run on air. Ironically, Guy Negre just happens to share his birthday."

"Yes, Jules Verne was born on the same day of me."

"And Mr. Negre has created, yes, the air car. Fully functional ___ (3) of lightweight cars fueled completely by compressed air."

"We started out with a blank page, and we tried to create a new car, a car that was nothing like the cars we were accustomed to."

"Something like 10 years ago, he arrived with a conclusion that doing some sports cars, some efficient cars, some consuming cars was not the solution, and that there is a real problem with ___ (4). There is a real problem with emissions, and we have to do something."

"My name is Cyril Negre, and I'm working with my father since 1993, and we arrived in this solution that we can use compressed air."

"Imagine, it costs nothing, nothing to fill up your car with ___(5). That gas also happens to be the same gas that fills your lungs with every breath."

"The principle is simple. "

"Actually, all engines work with compressed air. Most engines suck it in, heat it up. It pressurizes, and it pushes on a piston. In our ___ (6), we pressurize the air first. So when we apply it to the piston, the piston is pushed."

"But in this kind of engine, what we are doing, we are bringing the air with high pressure, and you should take into account the fact that you need to compress the air and to expand it into the engine. This is a whole system totally free of ___(7)."

"Actually, the air car does have emissions. It's ice-cold, completely clean, highly breathable air. Imagine a fleet of air car taxi cabs in thermally-challenged cities like Los Angeles or Mexico City, cleaning and cooling the atmosphere as they ferry people about."

"Obviously, compressed air isn't like carburetion. It doesn't use combustion. Compressed air is an energy carrier. It has to be compressed, and then it will restore and ___ (8) what we gave it."

2 Watch the video again and complete the third column of the table.

 

Video 4

“Future Cars - T Zero”

1 Watch the video and put the sentences of video transcript in the correct order:

a) " An electric car faster than a Lamborghini."

b) " It's a feeling of supreme confidence but also a feeling of ultimate serenity as you drive a tZero. The tZero is really the start of a new series of electric cars that provide both high efficiency and high performance. It was the first of its kind."

c) " Electric cars don't have to be slow but they are always efficient."

d) " This is Future Car."

e) " 25 years ago, cars were emission-spewing gas-guzzling monsters. 25 years from now, there will be zero emissions, electric children of the tZero. 25 years ago, electric vehicles had a range of about 60 miles. Today, the tZero has a range of 300 miles, and 25 years from now, it could easily be over a thousand."

f) " Hear that? It's the sound of nothing, nothing but speed. I'm Tom Gage. This is the tZero. It's the future of electric vehicles. A lot of people think electric vehicles are slow like golf carts, but this car, the tZero, accelerates to 60 in 3.6 seconds."

g) " And you pull away from a stop sign, and you don't make any noise at all. But if you're not careful, you'll look in your rear-view mirror and every car will be a half block behind you because you zipped away from the stop light so fast."

h) " Efficiency from exceptional torque. Internal combustion engines need rev time, but the tZero achieves peak torque immediately. Like flipping a switch, instant current, instant speed, silently."

i) " An electric car faster than a Porsche."

2 Watch the video again and complete the fourth column of the table:

Technical characteristics

Automatrix

Biodiesel

Air Cars

T Zero

Speed

 

 

 

 

Fuel

 

 

 

 

Advantages

 

 

 

 

Disadvantages

 

 

 

 

Post-watching

Work in pairs. Discuss each type of cars: technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

 

Unit 8

Aircrafts

Pre-watching      

1 Airliner is aerial transport apparatus that is heavier than air and is equipped with wings and engines. It is used for carrying people. Airplanes come in many shapes and sizes, but they all have similar parts. Look at the picture and complete the table: find terms for definitions.  

Airliner

 

Term

Definition

1

small, round, sealed window

2

device used to regulate the altitude of an aircraft

3

cubicle reserved for the operation of an aircraft (syn. cockpit)

4

apparatus used to turn an aircraft

5

gas turbine engine, the turbine of which is activated by exhaust gases

6

movable flap on the trailing edge of the wing, operated by the control stick that allows an aircraft to bank

7

front part of an aircraft

8

device that prevents an aircraft from drifting

9

container in which fuel is stored

10

compartment where baggage is stored

11

section used aircraft travelers

12

tapered rear part of the fuselage

13

each of two lateral planes of an aircraft, which provide lift and balance

14

device that automatically corrects errors and deviations, and stabilizes the aircraft

15

movable part on the trailing edge of the wing of an aircraft to allow modifications to flight conditions

16

rear corner marker light

17

movable auxiliary part on the trailing edge of the wing that allows an aircraft to bank

 

Watching

Video 1

“Forces that Act on Aircraft in flight”

Pre - watching

There are four forces that affect an airplane in flight:  Lift, Gravity (or Weight), Thrust and Drag. Match the forces and their definitions according to the picture:

Four forces of flight

1 ___A force that pushes objects upward.
2 ___Resistance that slows an object down in the air.
3 ___ A force that acts on the plane to pull it back to earth.
4 ___ The force of flight that pushes a plane forward with engine.

Picture of plane with four forces

 

Watching

Watch the video “Forces that Act on Aircraft in flight” and complete the gaps with four forces: thrust, lift, weight or drag.

1 ____ (1), a forward driving force, is opposed by air friction or drag.

2 ___ (2) is an upward force that keeps the vehicle airborne.

3 ___ (3), resulting from Earth’s gravitational pull, must be overcome by the lift for flight to occur.

4 Turbulent airflow behind a vertical plate result in:

a) a properly designed airfoil, or wing, generates ___ (4) by reducing air pressure above the wing.

b) decreased air friction and turbulence minimize ___ (5).

c) increasing the angle at which the wing meet overcoming air increases ___ (6) to a point.

d) Beyond a critical angle airflow becomes turbulent, increasing ___ (7) and decreasing lift.

 

Video 2

“The Wright Brothers Pitch and Other Flight Concepts” 

1 Do you know how to control the flight of the plane? Watch the video and decide what rotations of a plane are mentioned in each paragraph: Yaw, Roll or Pitch.

To ___ (a) the plane to the right or left, the ailerons are raised on one wing and lowered on the other. The wing with the lowered aileron rises while the wing with the raised aileron drops.

___ (b) is to make a plane descend or climb. The pilot adjusts the elevators on the tail to make a plane descend or climb. Lowering the elevators caused the airplane's nose to drop, sending the plane into a down. Raising the elevators causes the airplane to climb.

___ (c) is the turning of a plane. When the rudder is turned to one side, the airplane moves left or right. The airplane's nose is pointed in the same direction as the direction of the rudder. The rudder and the ailerons are used together to make a turn

2 Watch the video again and complete the gaps:

a) There are ___ (1) motions or rotations for a plane. They called pitch, yaw and roll.

b) The ___ (2) of a plane is how the nose is angled if it is pointed up or down. 

c) The pitch is controlled by ___ (3).

d) If the elevators are up the ___ (4) goes down and the nose goes up.     

e) The plane is pedaling around a single point. This is called the centre of ___(5).

f)  The ____ (6) is the turning of the aircraft.  

g)  The ___ (7) is used for turning the nose to the left or the right.

3 Work in pairs. Student A: look at the picture and explain main principle of two forces: Lift and Gravity and what is yaw. Student B: look at the picture and explain main principle of two forces: Thrust and Drag and two rotations: Roll and Pitch. 

Computer drawing of an airliner with the parts tagged.

Video 3

“BWB Concept Aircraft”

Pre-watching

What do you know about BWB aircraft? Look at the picture and read the information:

NASA, Boeing test fuel-efficient BWB aircraft

bwb aircraft_1

NASA and Boeing have successfully tested a scale model of their blended wing body (BWB) aircraft design; one that they hope will fly more with less fuel onboard.

The 8.5% scale model weighs 500 pounds but shows how the actual plane will work. The model is efficient enough to reach 10,000 feet and 120 knots and is like a milestone in the continuing research program that hopes to conclude once the actual blended-wing-body-design aircraft is developed.

Unlike a conventional aircraft in which the lift is provided by the wings, the body of a BWB acts as a wing providing more lift with the same amount of fuel. Still a more efficient technology is flying wings, like the B2 bomber, but such a design has far less space to store cargo and is unstable due to a lack of any stabilizing structures.

Boeing and NASA hope to develop a full scale model of the aircraft between 2015 and 2020. When this revolutionary aircraft hits the skies, it will completely change the aviation industry making it more fuel-efficient, silent and spacious.

Watching

Watch the video and complete the gaps:

1) BWB holds up ____ passengers

2) Wing span ___ feet

3) Length ___ feet

4) Height ___ feet

5) BWB will reduce ___ and ___. As a result airline tickets may cost ___.

6) Why Blended Wind Body is so special?

7) Blended wing fuselage helps to reduce ___ .

8) Less thrust means less ___ is needed.

9) Why did designers build some scale models?

10) What can wind tunnel test help engineers to predict?

11) NASA built another sub scale model called LOW SPEED VEHICLE or LSV for ___.

12) Flying test took place at NASA research centre in ____.

13) What geometrical shapes were the drawing of BWB divided?

14) To estimate total surface area one should add ___, ___ and ___.

 

Video 4

“Test Drive Airbus A380”

Pre-watching 

Look at the picture Airbus A380. Why is A380 differing from other airplanes?

A380-800 – Flightcrew of two. Standard seating is for 555 passengers on two decks in a three class arrangement.

A380 has 49% more floor area but only 35% more seats (in 555 seat configuration) than the 747-400, allowing room for passenger amenities such as bars, gymnasiums and duty free shops. Cargo capacity is 38 LD3s or 13 pallets.

Apart from the prime contractors in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Spain, components for the A380 airframe are also manufactured by industrial partners in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. A380 final assembly is taking place in Toulouse, France, with interior fitment in Hamburg, Germany. Major A380 assemblies are transported to Toulouse by ship, barge and road.

 

 

Watching

Watch the video and complete the gaps:

1) Airbus A380 carries ___ passengers.

2) Wing span ___ feet

3) Length ___ feet

4) Height ___ feet

5) Its Rolls Rosie engine produces ___ of thrust.

6) The European manufacturers have spent ___ Euros and ___ dollars for developing double decks plane.

Post watching

Which airplane is more effective? Complete the table.

 

BWB

Airbus A380

Carries passengers

 

 

Size, shape

 

 

Speed

 

 

Materials

 

 

Crew

 

 

Safety

 

 

Advantages

 

 

Disadvantages

 

 

Work in pairs. Student A is engineer developed BWB, student B is engineer developed Airbus A380. Talk about your airplanes and decide: which airplane is more effective?

 

Unit 9

Submersibles

Pre-watching

Match the words in the table with the correct definitions:

Terms

Definition

a)  temperature sensor

1 provide illumination for the camera in the dark depths of the ocean: a crucial part of any submersible

b) video camera

2 monitors (and possibly records) the water pressure as the submersible moves through the depths of the ocean

c) sound recorder     

3 an underwater "vacuum" used to collect animals (zooplankton). Gentle suction pulls and deposits the animals into canister for further examination

d)  light

4 acts as the "eye" of the submersible, allowing operators a view of the submersible's environment

e)  manipulator arm

5 sound Navigation and Ranging; a technology that uses reflected sound waves to detect and locate objects

f)  battery

6 simplified name for a salinity sensor; monitors (and possibly records) the salt content in the ocean water

g) pressure sensor

7 monitors (and possibly records) the water temperature in the vicinity of the submersible

h) sample box

8 provides power to the submersibles

i) sonar

9 a place to deposit samples that have been collected by the submersible's manipulator arm

j)suction sampler

10 mechanically operated grabber that is able to pick up objects from the ocean floor

k)camera

11 records audio during certain types of missions, e. g., while monitoring a population of dolphins

l)  salt sensor

12 captures video

 

Watching

Video 1

“Underwater vehicle. The Future to an Amphibian Lifestyle”

Watch the video about different type of underwater vehicles:

a) Aqua Underwater craft

b) Toyota HSCV-40

c) Personal submersible vehicle XS 100

d) Nereus

e) Odyssey Viau

f) Jellyfish submarine

 

Which kind of underwater vehivle:

1) is a spherical submarine as inspired by the elusive jellyfish

2) takes a page out of the dolphins' book, featuring a similar aerodynamic form factor that lets you get around without all the drag

3) is the water jet-driven vehicle and gets its power from an 800hp biogas engine and has a maximum cruise speed of 300 knots

4) can go down to a depth of 6,000 feet

5) can travel both above as well as under water

6) has sits for each passenger in it’s own Pressure Vessel
7)
features a remarkable 360 degrees view through its transparent body
8) can move like a helicopter

9) is able to sail on and under water using existing standard submersible technology like air to control buoyancy

10) can do refuel at unmanned stations with the biogas produced in the self-sufficient underwater city environment

Video 2

“SAS Super Aviator Flight Demonstration”

Super Aviator represents a revolution in underwater adventure and exploration. Most subs go up and down using a ballast system, similar to a hot-air balloon. They have limited manoeuvrability and range. Then you have unmanned subs, but they are normally tethered to a mother ship. Watch the video and decide True or False:

1) The Super Aviator looks like an airplane and flies like an airplane and is fully hydrobatic.

2) Tradition submarines are quickly to maneuver.

3) Super Aviator can take pilots 1000 feet deep at speed at 4 knots.

4) Think of conventional submersibles as slow, bulky, stiff underwater balloons, and the Super Aviator as a lightweight, high-powered, composite airframe with wings, thruster and flight controls.

5) Super Aviator is equipped with surface VHF radios, full duplex (always ON) pod to pod communications, and high-power digital through water communications from the submersible to the surface.

6) Engine of Super Aviator makes a lot of noise and prevents communication.

Post-watching

Presentation

Students can prepare presentation about future submersibles according to their points: appearance, size, mayerials, engine, fuel, speed.

 

Unit 10

Laser

Pre-watching

1 What kind of device is Laser? Can you explain its main engineering idea?   Read the text:

The first laser (which is the abbreviation of the words Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) was created in 1961 by Theodore Maiman (b.1927) at the Hughes Research Laboratories. He used a rod of synthetic ruby as the lasing medium. The crystalline structure of ruby is similar to the one of corundum, i.e. a crystal of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), in which the small part of atoms of aluminum (about 0,05 %) is replaced with ions Cr +++. Ruby rod is illuminated by intense impulse of light, which is generated by helical xenon discharge lamp as shown in animation. The ends of ruby rod are highly polished and silvered to serve as laser mirrors. The impulse of light creates the inverse population of electrons in ruby rod and due to the presence of mirrors the laser generation is excited. The duration of the laser impulse is a little bit shorter than the pump impulse of the flash lamp.

2 Look at the picture and match words and definitions:

pulsed ruby laser

Words

Definitions

1

Laser’s metal casing whose inside is polished so that it reflects the light toward the ruby cylinder

2

Casing in which water generally circulates to cool the ruby cylinder, which becomes very hot as it produces the beam.

3

Energy particle that emits the ruby-chromium atoms as they are excited by flashes in the tube.

4

Lamp that acts as an energy source by emitting a flash of white light, which excites the ruby atoms and causes them to emit photons.

5

Reflects all the light energy toward the partially reflecting mirror. The reflection between the mirrors intensifies the light to form a highly concentrated beam.

6

Ruby bar (crystallized alumina) that contains chromium atoms. It has mirrors at each end, which form the amplification medium to produce the laser beam.

7

Its partial transparency allows light beams to escape.

8

Straight and powerful monochrome light beam that is emitted by the device.

 

Watching

Video 1

“Ruby Laser”

Watch the video and complete the gaps:

1) A laser beam is made of ___ light.

2) Laser is acronym standing for: Light ___ by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

3) The first laser in use was ___ laser.

4) Ordinary light bulb produces ___ light.

5) Incoherent light has many ___ that move in many directions.

6) The rays of laser light have the same ___, vibrate at the same ___ and travel at the same ___.

7) light waves (___) are released when the electron returns to its normal energy.

Watching

Video 2

“The History of Laser Light”

Pre-watching

What type of lasers do you know? Where do they apply? Read the information to help you to understand the video:

From surgical instruments and precision guides in construction to barcode scanners and compact disc readers, lasers are integral to many aspects of modern life and work. But perhaps the farthest-flung contribution of the 20th century's combination of optics and electronics has been in telecommunications. With the advent of highly transparent fiber-optic cable in the 1970s, very high-frequency laser signals now carry phenomenal loads of telephone conversations and data across the country and around the world.

Watching

Watch the video. What happened in these years? Complete missing information.

1916 Albert Einstein laid the foundation of the invention ___.

1960 The first lasers: ___ laser and helium-neon gas (HeNe) laser were invented.

1961 ___ is founded. The Q-switched laser still working in many industries ____ application was invented. The first laser for medical treatment was performed at ___ hospital.

1963 A gallium arsenide laser that converts electrical energy directly into infrared light are brought, paving the way for ____ research. Medical entertainment and ___ application.

1964 CO2 laser is invented. This laser type became the foundation for laser ___ application in the future.

1965 Mo'Slo is established.

1969 ___ cooperation is founded. This company quickly became the world leader in optical cables.

1970 ___ Researchers discovered that optical fibers can transmit laser light efficiently setting the stage for modern ___ and ___.

1971 A distributed feedback laser (DFB) is pioneered. This laser still works in modern ___. The microprocessor is born.

1972 Holography comes. Laser helps transmission this technique from a net form to ___.

1973. Spectrophysics. Helium-neon gas (HeNe) laser are used by IBM (International Business Machines) to develop first laser ___.

1974 First commercial ___ was introduced. It used a spectrophysics .

1975 Spectrophysics data system established a laser scanning system for reading bar code in ___ across North America.

1991 Tsunami Ultrafast Laser revolutionized ___ microscopic. Optical Coherent Tomography is developed.

1996 The first green solid state laser revolutionized ___ laser application. First semiautomatic laser welding system is for fiber optics component ___.

1998 The first laser approved for LASIC eye ___. Motion system and compete integrated solution laser texture enable the mass production of higher disks storage for computer ___.

2004 Newport enquire for Spectrophysics creating the industry first integrated supplied photonic solution to make manage and measure ___.

 

         Post-Watching

You can see application of laser in many fields. Discuss each type of applications: what type of laser is used, what properties this application is based:

Medicine: Bloodless surgery, laser healing, surgical treatment, kidney stone treatment, eye treatment, dentistry

Industry: Cutting, welding, material heat treatment, marking parts, non-contact measurement of parts

Military: Marking targets, guiding munitions, missile defense, electro-optical countermeasures (EOCM), alternative to radar, blinding troops.

Law enforcement: used for latent fingerprint detection in the forensic identification field

Research: Spectroscopy, laser ablation, laser annealing, laser scattering, laser interferometer, LIDAR, laser capture micro dissection, fluorescence microscopy

Product development/commercial: laser printers, optical discs (e.g. CDs and the like), barcode scanners, thermometers, laser pointers, holograms, bubble grams.

Laser lighting displays: Laser light shows

Cosmetic skin treatments: acne treatment, cellulite and striae reduction, and hair removal.

Video 3

“Light”

Pre-watching

What is light? What colours does visible spectrum consist of? What is speed of light?

Which colour of light has the shortest/longest wavelength? What type of light can’t we see?

Watching

Watch the video and check your answers. Draw the scheme: “Electromagnetic radiation.”

Post-watching

Work in pairs. Describe the scheme: “Electromagnetic radiation.” To your partner.

 

Video 4

“Optics Light at Work”

1 James Webb Space Telescope

Have you ever heard about The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) named after a former NASA Administrator, a large, infrared-optimized space telescope, scheduled for launch in 2014? Webb will reside in an orbit about 1.5 million km (1 million miles) from the Earth. Webb's instruments will be designed to work primarily in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some capability in the visible range.

Watch the part 1 “James Webb Space Telescope” and choose the correct answers:

1) Our nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is 4.3 light years away, which means the light you see tonight left more than ___ years ago.

a)     2

b)    3

c)     4

2) Webb will have a large catching mirror, 6.5 meters (___) in diameter and a sunshield the size of a tennis court. Both the mirror and sunshade won't fit onto the rocket fully open, so both will fold up and open once Webb is in outer space.

a)     21.3 feet

b)    25.7 feet

c)     29.5 feet

3) Webb will find the first galaxies that formed in the early Universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own ___.

a)     Whirlpool Galaxy

b)    Andromeda Galaxy

c)     Milky Way Galaxy

 

2   Invisibility

Is invisibility a science fiction or reality? What technology is used? Read the text, watch part 2 “Invisibility” and compare and contrast two technologies:

1st  technology

The development of invisible  cloaks are many years away from becoming a reality, but some researchers are working in a new field that could also lead to more powerful microscopes and harness light to make electricity.

The field is called transformation optics. Researchers are using nanotechnology, in which they create extremely small items from metal, electrons and semiconductors, to bend light from all distances and in many different directions so it becomes invisible to the naked eye.

2nd technology

The Japanese ‘optical camouflage cloak is anything but invisible. It is made up of ‘retro-reflective material’ coated with tiny light-reflective beads that cover its entire length. The cloak is also fitted with cameras that project what is at the back of the wearer on to the front, and vice versa. The effect is to make the wearer blend with his background.

         “The device is attracting serious attention from military experts keen to exploit a technology that could help troops move into action without being spotted. Nor does the potential end there,” says Japanese inventor Susumu Tachi, a professor of computer science and physics at the University of Tokyo. “It could be used to help pilots see through the floor of the cockpit at a runway below, or for drivers trying to see through a fender to park a car.”

 

3 Nanomedicine

What are nanotechnologies? How do nanotechnologies work in medicine?

Read the text:

Special gold nanoparticles called nanoshells are being investigated for uses in both imaging and destroying cancerous cells. Nanoshells can be engineered to target cancerous cells and at the same time designed to interact with specific wavelengths of light. Depending upon the wavelength of incident light, nanoshells can either scatter or absorb light, creating applications as both a cancer imaging agent or therapeutic one. Several research groups have performed successful studies that prove nanoshells can be used to create high-resolution images of tumors as well as a precise treatment procedure that causes cell death in tumors. Currently researchers are awaiting FDA approval to begin clinical testing of these methods.

Watch part 3 “Nanomedicine” and complete the gaps:

1) ___ nanoshells get caught in the cracks of the tumor.

2)An infrared ___ heats up the gold in the nanoshells.

3) The tumor is baked to death. Nothing else is ___.

 

4 Solar Grove

Can you imagine solar grove? What kind of plants are there? Kyocera recently held a public dedication for its first-ever Solar Grove form a carport in a Kyocera employee parking lot. Watch part 3 “Solar Grove” and complete the gaps:

1) An array of  ___ “solar trees” that converts a 186-vehicle parking lot into a 235-kW solar electric generating system.

2) Based on test conditions and adjusted for inverter efficiency estimated at 94%, the 235 kW system is capable of generating ___ kilowatt hours per year.

3) A solar grove is a model of natural trees that converting sunlight into ___, providing shadow and looking good at the same time.

 

Post-watching

Scientific conference

Open tour book at page 205. Read useful phrases for scientific conference. There are four groups in the class. Each group of engineers represents one of four technologies. Discuss about advantages and disadvantages of each technology and their application in future.

 

Unit 11

Superconductivity

Video

“St.Katherine’s School – Superconductor”

Pre-watching

Answer the questions:

1) What is phenomenon of superconductivity?

2) Who was the first to discover the phenomenon?

3) What happen with electrons in superconductor?

What are the uses of superconductivity?

Watching

Watch the video and complete and gaps:

1) As electrons move through a typical metal in the normal state, they collide with atoms and lose energy in the form of heat. In a superconductor, the electrons travel in ___(1) and move quickly between the atoms with less energy loss. In normal state negative electrons repel each other. In superconductors electrons ___(2) each other and make pairs.

2) In ___ (3) superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch physicist K.Onnes

3) The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the ___ (4) temperature (Tc). 

4) The classic demonstration of the Meissner Effect: a superconductive disk on the bottom, cooled by ___ (5), causes the magnet above to levitate. The floating magnet induces a current, and therefore a magnetic field, in the superconductor, and the two magnetic fields repel to levitate the magnet.

5) The future of superconductivity research is to find materials that can become superconductors at ___ (6) temperature.

Post-watching

 Look at the graphs and schemes and describe in pairs:

 

Application of Superconductivity Technology

 

Unit 12  

Space exploration

Pre-watching 

1) International space station is a complex made up of some 10 modules in orbit around Earth; built and assembled by 15 countries, it is used to conduct scientific and technological research on weightlessness. Look at the picture and complete the table: find terms for definitions:     

international space station

Term

Definition

1

Designed to conduct research in the life sciences and in the science of matter; also equipped with a platform for outside experiments

2

Designed to carry out scientific activities, particularly in the life sciences and in physics

3

Panels that supply power to the station by transforming the Sun’s light into electrical current.

4

Vehicle used to bring the crew back to Earth in case of emergency

5

Module used to create variable artificial gravity, making it possible to study the effect of gravity levels on living organisms

6

Base that supports the arm and allows it to move about the structure

7

Connector on which the space shuttle orbiter docks during most of the station’s supply and assembly missions

8

Designed to accommodate six persons; contains a kitchen, roomettes, a bathroom and first-aid equipment

9

This mechanical arm is used to lift heavy loads during the assembly of the station and to perform maintenance work

10

Truss frame attached to the U.S. laboratory

11

Designed to conduct research in the life and materials sciences, in physics and in numerous other technologies

12

Corrugated panels ensuring heat evacuation from the station

13

Generates the station’s electrical energy using photovoltaic cells

14

Mechanical arm designed to conduct scientific experiments on the Japanese platform

Watching

Video

“Our world. On board the ISS”

1 Watch the video and answer the questions:

a)     Why this station is called ISS?

b)    When did construction of the ISS begin?

c)    What is huge cargo bay in shuttles used for?

d)    At what speed does ISS travel around the Earth?

e)     Is ISS As higher underground as other satellites?

f)      What is the distance between Moon and Earth?

g)    At what height above the ground is ISS located?

h)    Why does ISS shine in the sky?

i)       Can you see ISS at night without using telescope?

j)       Where is electricity generated to power ISS?

k)    Why do panels always capture the sunlight?

l)       How can we classify the US part of ISS?

m)  Which the most important thing do scientists want to study?

Post-watching

Work in pars. Look at the picture of ISS and remain all information you have been learnt.

  

Answer keys:

Unit 7

Transport

Pre-watching

1 Outside the car

Word

Definition

1 Head light

one of the two lights on the front of a vehicle, used for driving at night

2 Tail light

One of the red lights on the either side of the back of a vehicle

3 Window

mounted pane of glass

4 Outside mirror

external mirror used for looking backwards

5 Trunk

place for stowing baggage

6 Indicator light

amber light that is used to signal changes in the car's direction

7 Windshield wiper

movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window of a car

8 Shield

movable apparatus that protects against bumps

9 Quarter window

window pane situated approximately above the rear wheel

10 Wheel

round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance

11 Grill

plastic or metal decoration over the radiator

12 Back fender

side rear part of the body that covers the wheel

13 Bumper

apparatus at the front and rear of a vehicle that protects the body from minor bumps

14 Hub cap

piece of metal covering the hubs

15 Roof post

vertical structure that supports the top of the car

16 License plate

piece of metal that carries a number used to identify the automobile

17 Front fender

side fore part of the body that covers the wheel

18 Door

opening used to enter the passenger compartment

19 Door post

vertical structures that encase the windows

20 Door handle

part of the door used to open it

21 Hood

cover of the engine compartment at the front of a car

22 Windshield

the front window of a car. British English windscreen

23 Sun roof

movable part that allows the roof of a car to be partially opened

24 Roof

upper part of a car, covering the passenger compartment

2 Inside the car

Word

Definition

1 Tire

band of rubber composed of a casing of textile and iron, covered with rubber and containing a air tube

2 Exhaust system

network of pipes through which spent gas is expelled

3 Master cylinder

type of container in which the piston is moving

4 Radiator

apparatus that cools the motor

5 Transmission

device carrying engine power to axles

6 Line shaft

axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels

7 Shock absorber

device for reducing shocks

8 Gas tank

container used for storing extra gas

9 Oil pan

liquid tight metal envelope containing oil

10 Power steering

mechanism that automatically amplifies the movements of the steering wheel

11 Differential

gear system connecting the two axles of a car

12 Crankcase

metal envelope protecting the clutch

13 Rear axle

bar that crosses the bottom rear part of a vehicle. The rear wheels are attached to its ends

14 Hydraulic converter

device using static energy to modify the electric current

 

Watching

Video 1

“Future cars: Automatrix Online”

1        False. The environment is becoming increasingly embedded with information about the history of the place that you're travelling through.

2        False. The automatrix will enable your car to talk to other cars, think chat rooms in motion. Your car will become a forum for social networking.

3        False. By communicating with other car, now we can communicate with people on the road who may share similar interest to our.

4        False. You can establish a real thing conversation while you're driving.

5        True.

6        True.

7        False. My Cocoon presents seating and driving in a new life. The actual dynamics of steering and navigating the car are going to become secondary to entertainment and communication.

8        False. We were delving into LCD windows. So, when you are driving through Manhattan during rush hour, why not be in an island scene in Tahiti.

9        True.

Video 3

“Future Cars - Air Cars”


1        air

2        Jules Verne    

3        prototypes

4        petrol

5        gas  

6        engine

7        emission

8        return


Video 4

“Future Cars - T Zero”


1        D

2        F

3        A

4        C

5        H

6        G

7        I

8        B


 

Unit 8   

Aircrafts

Pre-watching   

1  

Word

Definition

1 Porthole

small, round, sealed window

2 Elevator

device used to regulate the altitude of an aircraft

3 Flight deck

cubicle reserved for the operation of an aircraft (syn. cockpit)

4 Rudder

apparatus used to turn an aircraft

5 Turbo-jet engine

gas turbine engine, the turbine of which is activated by exhaust gases

6 Aileron

movable flap on the trailing edge of the wing, operated by the control stick that allows an aircraft to bank

7 Nose

front part of an aircraft

8 Fin

device that prevents an aircraft from drifting

9 Fuel tank

container in which fuel is stored

10 Baggage compartment

compartment where baggage is stored

11 Passenger cabin

section used aircraft travelers

12 Tail

tapered rear part of the fuselage

13 Wing

each of two lateral planes of an aircraft, which provide lift and balance

14 Horizontal stabilizer

device that automatically corrects errors and deviations, and stabilizes the aircraft

15 Landing flap

movable part on the trailing edge of the wing of an aircraft to allow modifications to flight conditions

16 Navigation light

rear corner marker light

17 Balances aileron

movable auxiliary part on the trailing edge of the wing that allows an aircraft to bank

 

Watching

Video 1

“Forces that Act on Aircraft in flight”

Pre - watching

1Lift - upward
2 Drag - down and backward
3 Weight - downward
4 Thrust
– forward

Watching

1 Thrust

2 Lift

3 Weight

4 Lift

5 Drag

6 Lift

7 Drag

 

Video 2

“The Wright Brothers Pitch and Other Flight Concepts”

1 a) roll

          b) pitch

         c) yaw

2

         1 three

         2 pitch

         3 elevators

         4 tale

         5 gravity

         6 yaw

         7 rudder

Unit 9

Submersibles

Pre-Watching


a) 7

b) 12

c) 11

d) 1

e) 10

f) 8

g) 2

h) 9

i) 5

j) 3

k) 4

l) 6


 

Watching

Video 1

“Underwater vehicle. The Future to an Amphibian Lifestyle”


1 f

2 a

3 b

4 e

5 d

6 c

7 f

8 e

9 a

10 b


Unit 10

Laser

Pre-watching

2

Words

Definitions

1 reflecting cylinder 

Laser’s metal casing whose inside is polished so that it reflects the light toward the ruby cylinder

2 cooling cylinder 

Casing in which water generally circulates to cool the ruby cylinder, which becomes very hot as it produces the beam.

3 photon

Energy particle that emits the ruby-chromium atoms as they are excited by flashes in the tube.

4 flash tube 

Lamp that acts as an energy source by emitting a flash of white light, which excites the ruby atoms and causes them to emit photons.

5 fully reflecting mirror 

Reflects all the light energy toward the partially reflecting mirror. The reflection between the mirrors intensifies the light to form a highly concentrated beam.

6 ruby cylinder 

Ruby bar (crystallized alumina) that contains chromium atoms. It has mirrors at each end, which form the amplification medium to produce the laser beam.

7 partially reflecting mirror 

Its partial transparency allows light beams to escape.

 

8 laser beam 

Straight and powerful monochrome light beam that is emitted by the device.

Watching

Video 1

“Ruby Laser”

1 coherent

2 Amplification

3 ruby

4 incoherent

5 wavelengths

6 wavelengths, rate, direction

7 photons

 

Unit 11

Superconductivity

Video

“St.Katherine’s School – Superconductor”

Watching

1 pairs

2 attract

3 1911

4 critical

5 liquid nitrogen

6 room

Unit 12  

Space exploration

Pre-watching 

Term

Definition

1 Japanese experiment module

Designed to conduct research in the life sciences and in the science of matter; also equipped with a platform for outside experiments

2 U.S. laboratory

Designed to carry out scientific activities, particularly in the life sciences and in physics

3 photovoltaic arrays

Panels that supply power to the station by transforming the Sun’s light into electrical current.

4 crew return vehicle

Vehicle used to bring the crew back to Earth in case of emergency

5 centrifuge module

Module used to create variable artificial gravity, making it possible to study the effect of gravity levels on living organisms

6 mobile remote servicer

Base that supports the arm and allows it to move about the structure

7 mating adaptor

Connector on which the space shuttle orbiter docks during most of the station’s supply and assembly missions

8 U.S. habitation module

Designed to accommodate six persons; contains a kitchen, roomettes, a bathroom and first-aid equipment

9 remote manipulator system

This mechanical arm is used to lift heavy loads during the assembly of the station and to perform maintenance work

10 truss structure

Truss frame attached to the U.S. laboratory

11 European experiment module

Designed to conduct research in the life and materials sciences, in physics and in numerous other technologies

12 radiators

Corrugated panels ensuring heat evacuation from the station

14 Russian module

Generates the station’s electrical energy using photovoltaic cells

15 remote manipulator system

Mechanical arm designed to conduct scientific experiments on the Japanese platform