Қазақстан Республикасы Білім және
Ғылым Министрлiгi
Алматы Энергетика
және Байланыс Институты
А.К. Садықова
Ағылшын
тілі практикумы
Оқу құралы
Алматы 2004
УОТ
802.0 (075.8)
Ағылшын тілі
практикумы:
Оқу құралы/А.Садыкова;
АЭЖБИ, Алматы, 2004.- 108 б.
Бұл оқу
құралы техникалық жоғарғы оқу орнында
оқитын бірінші курс
студенттеріне арналған. Оның мақсаты ағылшын
тіліндегі грамматикалық материалды қайталау, жүйеге келтіру
ғана емес, сонымен бірге студенттердің сөйлеу іскерліктері
мен дағдыларын дамыту.
Студенттер ағылшын тіліндегі
ғылыми мәтіндерді оқығанда, аударғанда
көптеген тілдік, яғни лексикалық, грамматикалық
қиындықтарға кездеседі. Автор осы оқу
құралында ағылшын тіліндегі көптеген
грамматикалық структураларды қазақ тіліне қалай
аударуға болатындығын көрсетеді, олар кестелер мен схемалар
арқылы салыстырмалы түрде берілген. Оқу
құралының үшінші бөлігінде грамматикалық
материалды бекітуге арналған
жаттығулар бар.
Бұл оқу құралын
студенттер тек сабақта ғана емес, өз бетімен жұмыста да
пайдалана алады.
Оқу
құралы техника мамандықтары бағыты бойынша оқитын
студентерге арналған.
Библиогр.-
7 атау.
ПIКIР БЕРУШІЛЕР: Қазақ халықаралық қатынастар және
әлем тiлдер университетiнiң мамандарды практикалық және теориялық дайындау
кафедрасының ф.ғ.к., доцентi А.С. Ермағамбетова, Алматы энергетика
және байланыс институтын, шет тілдер кафедрасының аға оқутышысы Т.К.Берденова
Қазақстан Республикасы
Білім және Ғылым министрлiгiнiң 2003 ж. жоспары бойынша басылады.
ISBN…-…-…-…
©Алматы энергетика және байланыс институты, 2004 ж.
Contents
Алғы сөз
................................................................................................................ 4
Part I
Enghlish in practice (Негізгі курс)................................................................ 5
Unit 1Live and
Learn..................................................................................... 5
Unit 2 Learning a Foreign
Language............................................................. 7
Unit 3 The Computer
Age.............................................................................. 11
Unit 4 Inventors and their
inventions............................................................ 18
Unit 5 Engineering
materials.......................................................................... 23
Unit 6 Scientists.............................................................................................. 28
Unit 7 The planet Earth
(Ecology)................................................................. 32
Unit 8 Communication and
Internet............................................................... 38
Unit 9 The way we are.................................................................................... 43
Unit 10 Sources of
Power............................................................................... 48
Unit 11 Power
Engineering............................................................................ 51
Part II Негізгі грамматикалық ұғымдар (Basic grammar terminology)................ 55
1 Зат есім....................................................................................................... 55
2 Есімдік........................................................................................................ 58
3 Сын
есім..................................................................................................... 63
4
Үстеу........................................................................................................... 64
5 Сан
есім...................................................................................................... 65
6
Етістік......................................................................................................... 66
7
Есімше........................................................................................................ 79
8 Герундий
................................................................................................... 80
9 Eтістіктің
тұйық райы
.............................................................................. 82
10
Предлог......................................................................................................
84
11Синтаксис.................................................................................................. 85
12 Сөз тудырудың негізгі
тәсілдері............................................................ 87
III Өткен грамматикалық
материалды бекітуге арналған жаттығулар............. 88
Қосымша
А............................................................................................................. 100
Қосымша Б............................................................................................................. 101
Қосымша
В............................................................................................................. 102
Қосымша
Г............................................................................................................. 103
Қосымша
Д..............................................................................................................
104
Әдебиеттер
тізімі................................................................................................... 106
Алғы
сөз
Бұл ұсынылып отырған ағылшын тiлiнен оқу құралы техникалық
жоғары оқу орындарында оқитын студенттерге арналған.
Оқу құралы ағылшын тiлi бағдарламасының талаптарына сай
жазылған.
Оқу
құралының басты мақсаттары:
·
бiрiншiден, берiлген тақырып көлемiнде студенттердiң сөйлеу
дағдыларын қалыптастыру;
·
екiншiден, студенттердiң мамандықтарына
байланысты арнайы ғылыми - әдебиеттердi, мақалаларды оқи
алу және өздерiне
қажеттi
мағлұматты пайдалана алу iскерлiктерiн дамыту.
Жоғарыда көрсетiлген мақсаттарға жету үшiн, әр сабақта белсендi түрде меңгеруге арналған сөздер мен жалпы
техникалық терминдер және
олардың қолданылуын бекiтуге арналған жаттығулар берiлген .
Оқу
құралының арнайы бөлiмi граматикалық материалды қайталауға
және ғылыми-әдебиет көздерiне тән кейбiр қиын
грамматикалық құбылыстар мен синтаксистiк құрылымдарды жаттықтыруға арналған.
Бұл оқу
құралында негiзiнен аутентикалық мәтiндер берiлген, олар студенттердiң болашақ
мамандықтарын ескере отыра iрiктелiп алынған .
Оқу құралы төрт бөлiмнен тұрады: негiзгi курс, грамматикалық
материалдар, жаттығулар және қосымша кестелер.
Негiзгi бөлiм – сабақтардан
тұрады. Бұл бөлiмнiң басты мақсаты студенттердiң сөз iскерлiктерi мен дағдыларын дамыту. Оқу
материалының орналасуы және жаттықтыру тапсырмаларының
сипаты мен түрлерi қойылған
мақсат негiзiнде
орналастырылған.
Екiншi бөлiмде грамматикалық
материал қазақ тiлiнде берiлген.
Кейбiр қиын грамматикалық құбылыстар
мен синтаксистiк құрылымдардың қазақ тiлiне қалай аударылатындығы мысалдар
арқылы көрсетiлген.
Оқу
құралының үшiншi бөлiмiнде берiлген жаттығулар жүйесi грамматикалық
материалды берiк меңгеруге бағытталған.Төртiншi бөлiм көрнекi түрде берiлген кестелермен қамтылған.
Бүл әдістеме
құрылымы жағынан өте ыңғайлы.
Мұғалім не студент қай бөліммен жұмыс істеуді
қажет деп тапса, сол бөлімді пайдалана алады.
Қазіргі таңда техникалық жоғары оқу
орындарының студенттеріне арналған қазақ тіліндегі
оқулықтар мен оқу құралдары жоқтың
қасы,сондықтан қазақ бөлімінің студенттері
шетел тілінен орыс тілінде басылып шыққан оқулықтармен
жұмыс істейді, оның үстіне студенттердің шетел тілін
меңгеру деңгейлері әр түрлі. Міне осы себептерді ескере
отыра құрылған әдістемелікті студенттер
сабаққа дайындық кезінде өз бетiмен
пайдалануға мүмкіндік алады.
I Негізгі курс (English in practice)
Unit 1
Live and Learn
1. Read the new words:
to acquire – алу, ие болу
to drill - оқыту
education – оқу, білім
алу
field - сала, өріс
foreign – шетел
to lecture – лекция оқу
to prepare – дайындау, даярлау
subject – пән
term – семестр
to train – дайындау
to provide- қамтамасыз ету
2. Which of the given words are nouns, verbs? Why?
practice, orginize, vary, variety, practise, computer, compute, know,
knowledge, lecture, lecturer
3. Arrange antonyms in pairs and memorize them.
a) always, early, free, hard, to fail, possible, to send, to graduate, after
b)
soft, never, late, busy, to pass, to receive, impossible, before, to enter
4. Translate into Kazakh and write down the
Kazakh equivalents. Then translate the Kazakh variants back into English
(orally).
first-year
student___________________________
to
acquire knowledge__________________________
specialized
departments ________________________
technical
college ______________________________
educational
institutions ________________________
engineering
subjects ___________________________
variuos
laboratories ____________________________
5. Reading practice.
Text. The institute I study at
My
name is Marat Mukanov. I was born in Almaty.
I’m a first-year student, and I meet a great number of students who,
come here to acquire knowledge.
I
am going to tell a few things about myself. My father’s name is Bulat. He is an
architect. He is 54. My mother’s name is Alma. She is about 40. She works as a
teacher at a technical college. We live in a modern block of flats. We are
friendly family.
This
year I entered the Almaty Institute of Power Engineering and Telecommunication.
It is one of the biggest educational institutions in Kazakhstan, training
specialists in the field of power engineering and telecommunication. The head
of the institute is Rector. There are
five faculties in the Institute which prepare specialists on 22 specialities.
Each faculty has a number of specialized departments and headed by dean. The
course of studies lasts 5 years. My
institute has two buildings. There are many variuos laboratories and computer
centers. There is a good library in the main buildings,which provides the
students with books and literature on special subjects.
I
study at the faculty of Radio engineering and telecommunication and I hope to
be a good specialist. The academic year
begins on the 1-st September and is divided into two terms. We have two sessions
in a year, in January and June. The first year students study general
engineering subjects. We listen to lectures, have seminars and consultations.
Time
passes quickly, and very soon I’ll be a good specialist in my line.
6. Answer the questions based on the information found
in the reading or your own experience.
1. How old are you now?
2. What city did you come
from?
3. Whar foreign language did
you study at school?
4. Why did you enter this
institute?
5. What subjects do students
study at the first year?
6. Which subject is the most
interesting for you?
7. Is there computer centre
in your institute?
8. What specialities do
people get after graduating from this institute?
7. Complete the sentences,
use a (an), the or zero article.
1. I
am .... engineer. 2. She is reading .... interesting .... book. 3.This is ..... important
phenomenon. 4.That is ..... drawing-room of the students. 5.These are geometrical
figures: ..... circle in the middle, .... square on the left and ........
ellipse below the circle. 6. My
friend has to get up early in ...morning because he goes to ........ institute.
7. We knew he was ... foreigner because he spoke with a strange
accent. 8. Today is ... last day when we can give them .... papers. 9. They bought
...... new English-Russian dictionary. 10.......... idiom was not easy to
memorize. 11.Which of the dictionaries are you going to buy? – I
like ... dictionary that has more words. 12. Aray
is at .... work till 6.00. Could you call later, please? 13. Summer follows ... spring.
14. Will you join us for ....dinner?
8. Study the Reference
Grammar material to find out how to use
simple tenses.
My name is Asel. I am Kazakh. Now I study
English in London. There are ten students in my class. I have
friends among them. My friend Mishel is
French. She is 18 years old. She is from France. She has a big family in Paris. Piter is German. He is from Germany. He is 19 years old. His parents are rich.
They have a firm. Piter thinks he will be a businessman
too. I visited many places in London. I was
in Oxford and Cambridge. We were in Scotland last month. We had a
very good time. There were many interesting places.
9. Үлгі бойынша
сұраулы сөйлемдер құрып, берілген сөздер мен сөз тіркестерін
қолданып, оларға жауап беріңдер.
Үлгі:
Is this a text-book? Yes, it is. No, it
isn’t.
Are they engineers? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
a student, a good
example, interesting articles, an experiment, an electrician, programmers, an
English teacher, some subjects, a college
10.
Listen to the conversation between two students.
Work in pairs. Make up your own dialogue.
Askar:
What faculty do you study at?
Marat: At
the faculty of Heat power engineering.
A.: What will your future
profession be?
M.: Automation and control of technical
system.
A.: You are the first-year student,
aren’t you?
M.: Yes, I am. What lectures have
you today?
A.: A lecture on Physics and
practical class in English.
M.: What was your home task on English for today?
A.: We had a grammar class yesterday.
We discussed the use of articles in English.
M.: They are the shortest and yet
the most diffucult words in English.
Is it possible to learn how to
use them?
A. I am not quite sure. We should
simply have more grammar drills.
M.: Will they really help? And then
they are so boring.
A.: Don’t lose hope.
11. Work in
pairs. You want to know something
about your groupmates. .
a)
Each
of them is a person. What are they like?
What do they look like?
b)
Think
of the questions you would like to ask them (their family, native town, hobbies, sports, friends,
future plans, etc.).
c)
Marat
introduces himself. The other students try to find out as much as possible
about him, asking questions.
d)
When
everyone has finished, tell the whole group the most interesting things you can
found about your groupmate.
12. Look at the table and compare different classes of nouns.
|
Noun
|
|
Common
|
Proper
|
|
countables
|
Uncountables
|
personal
|
georaphical
|
|
concrete
|
collective
|
material
|
abstract
|
Askar Akhmetov
|
Astana
Kazakhstan
|
|
a book
|
a family
|
water
|
politics
|
Divide these nouns into
common and proper, countables and uncountables.
information, work,
knowledge, weather, advice, air, progress, chemistry, influence, family,
energy, ecology, computer, country, citizen, Almaty, cloud, language,
university, science, radio, the Urals, company, invention, education
13. Writing. There are many things to do. Write which of the activities you
a) enjoy, b) hate and explain
why.
a)
reading books d) working on the computer
b)
watching TV programmes e) sports
c)
travelling f) doing
homework
14. Topic. Student’s life.
Your friend wants to become an engineer but he
doesn’t know which department to choose. Help him to solve his problem. Give
your reasons.
Present information on:
the
name of your institute
its
location
the
departments at your institute
the
subjects you study
the equipment
the institute is provided with
the
students hostels
what
you like and what you don’t like about your institute
what
traditions is popular among the students at AIPET?
what
students societies are there at AIPET ?
Unit 2 Learning a Foreign Language
1. Read the new words:
aim – мақсат
to aim – тырысу, ұмтылу, ынталану
animation – анимация
to attend – бару
communication
– байланыс
education – оқу, білім
алу
to exist – бар болу
global - әлемдік
graduation–жоғарғы оқу орнын бітіру
interaction – әрекеттестік
international – халықаралық
listening – тыңдау
to offer - ұсыну, ұсыныс
жасау
practice - жаттығу
skill – шеберлік, іскерлік
to receive –
алу, алып тұру
to require –
талап ету
technology – технология
tongue – тіл
tool – құрал
to touch – тию, тие сөйлеу
2. Read and compare.
vocabulary
1. all the words
in a language; 2. a list of words in a
lesson or a book;
3. all the words
that one person knows.
dictionary
a book that
gives words from A to Z and explains what each word means.
3. Read and guess what the words in bold type mean.
a drill [dril]
(n)- a grammar drill, a spelling drill. A drill is a way of teaching something with the help of repetition or special
exercises.
to practise [prǽktis]
(v) – You’ll never learn to speak English fluently if you don’t practise.
practice (n) – a lot of practice, it takes a lot of
practice to do something. It takes practice to become a good engineer.
an idiom [ιdιәm] (n) – a
group of words with special meaning.
4. Read
the following word
combinations and put down their Kazakh
equivalents.
world languages_____________ scientific periodicals___________
mother tongue_______________ efficient method______________ interactive multimedia________ international
communication____
technological advances________ official language______________
varied practice_______________ different approaches___________
5. Distribute
the words below into three columns:
action process doer
speaker,
speak, speaking, reading, reader, read, study, student, studying, use, user,
usage, write, writer, writing, teach, teacher, teaching, translate, translator,
translation, learn, learner, learning
6. Reading
practice.
English – a Language of the World
Language
belongs to each of us. Everyone uses words. What is it about language that
makes people so curious? The answer is that there is almost nothing in our
lives that is not touched by language. We live in and by language.
Nowadays, 750 million people all over the
world use English and half of those speak it as a mother tongue. It is an official language in 44 countries. Of all the
2700 world languages English is one of the richest. For example, compare
English, German and French: English has a vocabulary of about 500000 words,
German – 185000, and French – fewer than 100000. It has become the language of
the planet, the first truly global language.
English
is the language of international communication in many areas of life: trade,
transport, tourism, sport and entertainment.
Three quarters of the world’s mail and its telexes are in English. More
than half of the world’s scientific periodicals and eighty per cent of the
information in the world’s computers also in English. English is the main
language of business. It
is the official language of Olympics.
Language learning is hard
work. More and more people also need English for studying at universities and
colleges. New ideas in science, technologies happen so quickly that is
impossible to translate everything into different languages.
Computer
Assisted Language Learning (CALL) has existed in some form for at least three
decades.The computer can serve a variety of uses for language learning. It
offers language drills or skills practice, a stimulus for discussion and
interaction and tool for writing and research. Multimedia technologies (today
by CD ROM) allow a variety of media: text, graphics, sound, animation and
video. Language teaching computer programme is a highly efficient language learning method.
They offer a lot of varied practice for listening, speaking, reading and
writing.
Developments
in technology have changed our life in every aspect. Communication technilogies
enabled us to communicate with students
of different countries.
Using the WWW students can
search authentic materials, newspaper and magazine articles to their own
personal interests.
7. Answer the questions
based on the information found in the reading or your own experience.
1. How
long have you been learning English?
2. Where
else is possible to learn a foreign language?
3. Have
you ever tried to learn English on your own (reading books, watching
educational programs on TV, videos and films in English, taking an English
course)?
4. Which
of these ways of learning a language do you find most effective?
5. Why
are you learning English? Do you find it interesting? Hard?
6. Why
do people learn foreign languages as you see it?
7. How
much time do you think a person should learn a foreign language to able to say:
a) “I can speak English”, b) “My English is fluent”?
8. Do
you think it’s good to have an international, global language? Why?
9. What
is the most difficult feature of learning a language?
8. Look through the text again to find two
facts which were quite new to you and two facts which were already known to
you.
9. Say true, false or don’t know. Correct the false
statement.
|
№
|
Sentences
|
false
|
true
|
|
1
|
English spoken in the USA doesn’t differ
from English spoken in Great Britain.
|
|
|
|
2
|
There
are many borrowed words in English.
|
|
|
|
3
|
There
are three English-speaking countries in the world.
|
|
|
|
4
|
Some
words came to English from Russia.
|
|
|
|
5
|
English is the most popular foreign
language in Kazakhstan.
|
|
|
10. See how well you remember the text and complete the sentences.
1) Of
all the 2700 world languages English is …………………………. .
2) English
is the main language ………………………………………... .
3) More
and more people also need English for........................................ .
4) English
is the language of international ..........................................…. .
5)
English
is an official language in
...................................................... .
6) Communication
technilogies enabled us......................... ........................
7)
Using the WWW students
can................................................................. .
11. State the tense forms of
the following verbs.
Model: use
– Present Indefinite
do
not use – Present Indefinite (negative form)
lives, doesn’t live, made, existed, change, will change, did not
communicate, will not research, became, writes, taught
12. Complete the sentences with an appropriate
comparative or superlative form of the adjectives.
1.With a population
of nearly seven million, London is much
(big) than Paris.
2. There were (many)
students at the lecture today than
yesterday.
3. Askar is the (tall) student in our group.
4. I bought the (last)
edition of Oxford dictionary.
5. What do you
think of your (far) education?
6. Have you any (far) questions?
13. Look at the table below. It
contains phrases that will help you to express your opinion.
Neutral
|
Positive
|
negative
|
|
According to him /her
|
You are quite right
|
Not at all
|
|
In his (her ) view...….
|
My opinion is that…..
I’m more or less certain that …..……..
|
It’s not true …..
I’m not at all sure ….
|
|
I suppose so ……
I think
(that)……
As I see it……….
|
I really think so
I think so too
|
I don’t think so
I’m afraid I don’t agree….
|
14. Read and learn the dialogue.
Are you Happy with the Way You Are
Taught English?
Interviewer: Askar, I know
you have been learning English for almost five
years. What do you feel about learning grammar?
Askar: Of course, you
must learn grammar in any language. After all you can’t build a house without foundation.
Int.: So grammar is important.
But should it be taught in isolation?
Askar:No. You need to practise grammar together with vocabulary.
Int.: With vocabulary. Do you
like to learn the words by heart and practise them?
Askar:Practice helps us to memorize the words.
Int.: How about pronunciation?
A lot of students find that hard?
Askar:English intonation is awful. I think it’s the most difficult part
of pronunciation,
because if you get it wrong, people think you are rude. Intonation is far more
difficult than learning to pronounce the words correctly.
Int.: What advice would you give
to people who are just beginning to learn English?
Askar:I find reading very helpful. I read books, magazines, newspapers
and other periodicals. I try to guess the meaning of words. This helps me to
read more quickly. But I also look words up in the dictionary and make a note
of the most useful ones. Listening and watching videos and educational TV
programmes in English help me, too.
Int.: As I can see, learning a language isn’t as
simple as all that.
You
can learn rules for grammar and pronunciation and also for vocabulary.
15. Writing. Imagine that Askar’s interviewer asking
you the same questions about learning English. Answer them and explain your
point of view.
16. Work in pairs. Make up
dialouges and act them.
A student from
Kazakhstan and a student from Britain are talking about their foreign language
classes; the British student is learning Kazakh (Russian) and the Kazakh
student is learning English.
17. Pair work
Now
you are first-year student. Is it necessary for a future engineer to study a
foreign language? It is very important to know what you think about it. Think
of some more which are important in your opinion.
Discuss
the problem with your groupmate.
18. Talking point .
One
of the reasons why a lot of people all over the world learn English is
that
English has taken the position of the world language.
It
means that:
English
has become a global language
750
million people all over the world use it
people
who speak English have better job opportunities
it
is one of the richest languages
it
is the main language of business, sports, science
English is the world’s computer language
a) Develop these ideas and say what you think about them.
b) Write
3 – 5 sentences to develop these ideas.
Unit 3
The Сomputer Age
1.
Read the new words:
application – қолдану, пайдалану
data – мәліметтер
to divide – бөлу, үлестіру
drive – дисковод
to edit – редакциялау
to exist – бар болу, күнелту
to install – кіргізу, енгізу, орнату
language translator – аудармашы
to let – рұқсат беру
reliable – сенімді, берік
to supply – жабдықтау
software – программалық
қамтамасыз ету
various facilities – әртүрлі мүмкіндіктер
computer manufacturer – компьютер өндіруші
hardware – аппараттық жабдықтар
2. Arrange antonyms.
simple,
begin, reliable, high, inefficient, complete, disadvantage, unreliable,
advantage, far from, low, close to, efficient
3.
Translate into Kazakh and write down the Kazakh equivalents. Then translate the
Kazakh variants back into English (orally).
electronic system ______________ application programmes ________________
temperature fluctuation
_________ database
programmes _________________
computer installation ___________ computer’s memory ___________________
hardware pieces
_______________ operating system
______________________
computer
equipment____________ particular purposes ____________________
4.
Reading practice.
a)
Find in the text the key words to describe a computer.
b) Try to explain these
terms to your partner: main memory, input and output devices, processor, a
monitor, a printer, CD ROM, a mouse,
the hard disk
Text A. Computer system
What
is a computer? The electronic system of a computer is very complex.
Computers
can be divided into three types, depending on their size and power: mainframe
computers, minicomputers and microcomputers.
Mainframe computers are the largest
and most powerful. They can handle large amounts of information. They usually
fill a whole room and are sometimes referred to as computer installation. Minicomputers are smaller and less powerful than
mainframes. They are about the size of an office desk and usually found in
offices and banks.
Microcomputers are the
smallest and the least powerful. The microcomputer is very small in size and
weight, resistant to temperature fluctuations, reliable and easy to operate.
The field of application of the microcomputer is vast. It can be used in many
fields of science and engineering. They are ideal for use as home
computers.
The
pieces of equipment making up the computer system are known as hardware. There
are many hardware pieces in a computer system. Some are: the system board,
power supply, keyboard, mouse, hard disk and monitor.
The
central processing unit (CPU) is the brain and heart of the computer. The part
of the computer where programmes and data being used is called the main
memory.
The
simplest and most common type of input
device is a keyboard. You communicate with your computer with the keyboard.
With it, you type instructions and commands for the computer. Many of the keys on the keyboard are like
those on a typewriter. Your keyboard has letter keys, punctuation keys, shift
keys, tab, the spacebar and many specialized keys.
The
most commonly used output device is known as a monitor or VDU (Visual Display
Unit). Your computer is not complete without the monitor, a TV-like device.
Monitor displays text, characters and graphics. It allows you to see the
results of your work. A printer is another kind of output device to print
information. There are many different types of printers.
With
the device called the mouse you can do a number of things by clicking on different
icons. As you glide the mouse, the
ball inside moves in the direction of your movement and you will see the arrow
on your screen moving in unison. The arrow is called a pointer.
The
programs are on disks, the hard disks inside the computer or floppy disks, or
on CD ROMs (Compact Disk Read Only Memory),which you can put on and store a
large information.
5. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate and
ask him/her to answer them.
1. What is this text about?
2. What is the largest type of computer?
3. What are microcomputers commonly called?
4.
What type of computer is most suitable for education and business
use?
5.
What type of computer is most suitable for home use?
6. What is the processor?
7. What is the most common input device?
8. What is a monitor?
9. What is the most common output device?
6. Complete the following word comdinations.
1. ……....... device 7. system ..…...........
2. ……......... ROM 8.
……............. jet
3. hard
…...............
9. mini ...…...........
4. …............. disks 10. main........…….....
5. input …...…....... 11. ............
computer
6. …...
..installation
12. .........…..... unit
7. Remember the beginnings of these sentences, if
necessary look trough the text again.
1)
______________ is
the brain and heart of the computer.
2)
________________ is very small in size
and weight, resistant to temperature fluctuations, reliable and easy to
operate.
3)
_____________ making up the computer system are known as hardware.
4) _______________
has letter keys, punctuation keys, shift keys, tab, the spacebar and many
specialized keys.
5)
_______________ displays text,
characters and graphics.
6)
_____________ is another
kind of output device to print information.
8. Match these words
(A) from the text to the definitions
(B).
A B
1. processor
1. displays the processed data
2. memory
2. holds the programmes and
data
3. output device 3.
is the brain and heart of the computer
4. floppy drive 4. is a
kind of output device to print information
5. printer
5. can read and write on floppy
diskettes
6. keyboard 6. works by sliding it around on a flat surfice
7. mouse 7.
has many specialized keys
9. Writing.
a) Complete the table using
information from the text.
|
type
of the computer
|
main
characteristics: size, power, use, memory....
|
|
Minicomputer
|
|
|
Microcomputer
|
|
b) You
can compare the types of computers according to these examples:
The
microcomputer is smaller than ……. .
The
minicomputer is used in office, but ……
10. Reading practice. Read the text and find definitions of the terms you
decide to be the most important for you.
Text B. Software system
Programmes, often called software are series
of instructions written in computer language. It means the programmes needed
to operate computer equipment. They are stored in files and tell computer to
perform different tasks.
The operating system is the most important type of software, which
control the basic function of a computer system. It is like a translator
between you and your computer. The operating system is usually supplied by the
computer manufacturer. It allows you communicate with your computer, letting use all computer resources to your
advantage. We know some common operating systems: MS DOS, NC, Windows.
Specialised programmes, which unable the computers to
be used for particular purposes are called application programmes. There are
different types of application programmes: database programme, word processor
and spreadsheet programmes.
Database system is a set of system programmes, which allow the data from
a database to be used by a number of different application programmes. Word
processing programmes are used for the preparation and editing of letters and
other documents. This allows the text
to be edited before it is printed out into paper in its final form. Various editing facilities are also
available. Spreadsheet programmes are used in business. This type of programme
displays information in the form of a table or array. Each column of the array
is labelled with a letter and each row is labelled with a number.
11. Find answers to these
questions in the text above.
1. What is this text about?
2.
What
is the general term for information used in computer system?
3. Which programme is used for the creation and manipulation
of texts?
4. What name is given to the set of programmes, which
coordinates and manages all the hardware and software?
5. What type of program is used in business for financial
planing?
6. What applications of computer do you know?
12. Read the text again and
complete the table.
|
the
type of application programs
|
function
|
|
1.Word processor
|
|
|
2. Spreadsheets
|
|
|
3. Database
|
|
13. Complete the following
definitions and memorize the terms.
|
File,
application package, MS
Windows, interface, memory
|
1) ..............
is
a collecton of related information:letters, memos or data.
2) ..............
refers
to the way you interact with your computer.
3) ..............
is
a software that makes your computer easy to use.
4) ..............
is
a software package that you use for a specific tasks.
5) ............... is the place in a computer where
information is actively used.
14. See how well you remember
the text and complete the sentences.
1)
______________is
used for preparation and editing of letters and other
documents.
2)
_______________are
the set of system programs which allow you to
store, look at or change a large quantity of information quickly and
easily.
3)
_______________ is used for particular purposes.
4) ______________are pictures and symbols a computer programme can produce.
15. Study the Reference Grammar
material to find out how to use Indefinite Passive. Find in the text sentences with Indefinite Active and
Passive and
explain why these tenses are used.
16. Жұптағы екі сөйлемді салыстырып, қазақ
тіліне аударыңдар
1)
The teacher
asks the students a lot of questions. The students are asked a lot of questions.
2)
He told them
an interesting story. He was told an interesting story.
3)
I will give
you a good book. I will be given a good
book.
4)
The professor
will receive you at 2 o’clock. You will be received on Monday.
5)
They will show
us a new device tomorrow. They will be shown a new device tomorrow.
17. Writing. Reread the texts again and write the summary of them in
Kazakh.
18. Above you will find the text about a computer system. Read the text again and
complete the table.
|
the pieces of equipment
|
Function
|
|
1. CPU
|
|
|
2. Hard disk
|
|
|
3. Keyboard
|
|
|
4. Printer
|
|
|
5. Mouse
|
|
|
6. CD ROM
|
|
19. Pair work. Tell your
groupmate about advantages and disadvantages of computer database and complete
the table.
|
|
Disadvantages
|
Advantages
|
Computer
Database
|
|
|
20. Read the
conversation between Marat and Shop assistant and say what Marat wants to know.
Act out situations based on these conversation.
Marat: Good, afternoon
Shop assistant: Good, afternoon. Can I help you?
Marat:I hope so. I was interested to read your brochure on computer systems. Can you give me any information about this new computer, please?
S. A.: Of course. Did you find the brochure helpful?
Marat:Well, yes. I have read it and I’m very interested in the technical
side of computers.
S. A.: I see.
Marat:What are the main applications of this computer?
S. A.:Have you seen an advertisement about new types of computers? They are designed to meet needs of persons
with the computing background for their work in management and industry.
Marat:I understand that I can use it for my work. How
much does it cost?
S.A.:
80 000 tenge.
Marat:Oh, It is too expensive for me. Thank you very much.
S. A.: Any further questions?
Marat:That’s all for now.
S. A.: Well, goodbye.
21. Solve the problem:
“Are
computers one of the greatest inventions of the 20 th century?”
More
and more people begin using computers in their work. Some of them cannot
imagine their life without this invention of the 20th century.
Discuss this problem in small groups of 4-5 students in order to make a
decision.
22. Talking point
Say whether you use a computer in your work or for
playing computer games. Do you use your computer in any other way or for other
purposes? List you reason and share them with the group.
|
|
for a work
|
for playing computer games
|
for other purposes
|
|
Who?
|
|
|
|
Comment the following
statement:
Electronic
games are very popular today. There are already up to 10000 different computer
games in the world.
23. Topic. The computer we use.
At
the institute you have special subject – computer science and you also use
computer studying other subjects. Some students have their own computers.
Speak
on the computer you work on:
1.
the model of the computer
2.
the type and number of
disks
3.
the volume of memory
4.
the kind of monitor
5.
what programmes you can use
6.
what advantages and
disadvantages your computer has
Unit 4 Inventors and their Inventions
1. Read the new words:
achievement - жетістік
arouse- ояту
blackmith – ұста, темірші
bookbind – түптеу
inspiration – шабыт
to
invent – ойлап табу, шығару
inventor – өнертапқыш
measure – өлшеу
miner – шахтер, тау кенші
observation – бақылау
to solve – шешу
theoretician – теоретик
discovery–жаңалық, жаңалық ашылуы
2. Make up
adjectives according to the
example.
Үлгі: ( етістік) consider + able =
considerable ( сын есім)
electrify, differ, signify, improve,
achieve, research, measure, observe, conduct
3. Translate into Kazakh.
practical man, famous
inventor, scientific achievement, electromagnetic device, professional
inventor, to make experiments,
important discovery, major discovery,
field of electricity, profound knowledge, world-wide application
4. Reading practice.
Text A. A Great Citizen of
the World
Every day many people visit
Thomas A.Edison’s laboratories
in Orange, New Jersey. Some of them are young inventors who go study, but many
more of them are tourists. They come from all parts of the US and from other
countries as well.
Edison is known as one of the greatest inventors of his
time. He invented so much that is diffucult to say which of his achievements is
the greatest. He was an experimentor and a practical man more than a theoretician.
Edison did not have any
education. He went to school only for three months. Then he left it because the
teacher considered him a dull boy. His mother became his teacher. The boy loved books and his mother said that
he had a wonderful memory. He began to experiment at the age of ten or
eleven. Instead of a laboratory he used the cellar of his parents’ house.
In 1868 Edison built his
first patented invention – an electromagnetic device. He established a workshop
and began his career as professional inventor at the age of twenty two. All his invention were the results of hard work. He sometimes
made thousands of experiments. According to his words the idea that a genius
works only by inspiration was absurd. “Genius is 2 per cent inspiration and
98 per cent perspiration,” he often said.
5. Answer the following questions.
1.
Who was Thomas A.Edison?
2.
What’s Edison famous for?
3.
What education did he get?
4.
How old was Edison when he patented his first invention?
5.
How did he make his inventions?
6.
What other facts of Edison’s life do you know?
6. Read the text again and give its summary in
Kazakh.
7. Put down the tense forms of the verbs.
Model:
to have – Present Indef. Active – have (has)
to help - Pres. Indef. Passive - __________
to discover – Future Indef. Active - ______
to make – Past Indefinite Active - _________
to become – Future Indef. Passive - ________
to be – Past Indef. Active - ____________
to supply – Future Indef. Passive -_________
to use – Past Indef.Passive - ___________
to move – Past Indef. – _____________
8. Reading practice.
Names of some people have
became world famous thanks to their achievements. The name Michael Faraday is
one of them. Read the words given below and find those which you associate with
the name of Faraday.
Russia bookbinding Humphry Davy blackmith Nobel prize literature
Royal institute safety lamp chemistry
telescope electricity magnetism
dynamite electric current little money
Text B. Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday, one of the
greatest men of science, had little chance to get an education. His father was
a blackmith, and Faraday was born to work with his hands too. When thirteen
years of age, he went apprentice to learn bookbinding. Once when binding an
encyclopedia he ran across an article on electricity. It struck his imagination and aroused his interest.
With the little money he could save, he
bought a cheap and simple apparatus and set to make experiments. He attended
the lectures of Humphry Davy, an outstanding scientist and the most popular lecturer
in London at that time. It was Davy who helped Faraday to become assistant at the laboratory of Royal institute and to
get a profound knowledge of the subject. While still an assistant, he helped
Davy to create a safety lamp for miners. He learned chemistry, he was working on
the problem of turning gases into liquids. An important discovery of Faraday
was that of benzyl, which he separated from condensed oil gas, and which since
then found world-wide application. For
several years he is known have been working at the problem of a perfect optical
glass and to have made a glass that greatly improved the telescope.
Yet the problem of
electricity and magnetism interested him above all. All the scientific world
had known by that time if a current is run through a copper wire wound around a
piece of iron, the iron becomes a magnet. If electricity magnetizes, why won’t
magnetism electrify? That was the question Faraday asked himself over and over.
For a long time he tried different experiments to solve the problem. At last in
1831 he made his major discovery in the field of electricity – the
electromagnetic induction.
Among a number of other
discoveries he is also known to have measured electric current for the first
time, and to have made several important observations on the conductivity of
different materials.
Faraday was one of those
great men who made possible the age of electricity in which we live, all the
marvels it brings us all those it may bring to the future generations.
9. Read the
text again and divide it into several parts. Give titles to each parts.
10. Divide the words in three
categories (N; V; Adj) and make up your own sentences with them.
to
solve, extraodinary, electricity, important,
marvel, outstanding, to get, discovery,
to be, famous, experiment, scientist, to create, problem, scientific,
chemistry, discover
11. See how well you remember the text and choose the right item.
1. Faraday’s father was a ...................., and
he was born to work with his hands too.
a) blackmith b) carpenter
c) bookbinder
2. It was Davy who helped
Faraday to become assistant at the
laboratory of .............. and to get a profound knowledge of the subject.
a) Royal institute b) Cambridge c)
Oxford
3. The
problem of ...................... interested him above all.
a) electricity and magnetism b) radioactivity c) magnetism
4. At last in ........... he made his major discovery in the field of
electricity – the electromagnetic induction.
a) 1832 b) 1831 c) 1813
12. Study the Reference Grammar material to find out how
to use some, any, no.
|
|
some
|
any
|
no
|
|
affirmative sentence
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
interrogative sentence
|
|
+
|
|
|
negative sentence
|
|
+
|
+
|
1. Are there ........ new students in your group? 2.There were ..... students of our group at
the consultation yesterday. 3. Are there .... mistakes in my dictation? –
Yes.There .... . 4.I wasn’t shown ..... interesting papers. 5. ...........
students can answer such question at once.
6. ...... number of people can be included in the experiment. 7.He
has ..... experience in this
field. 8.By ...... experiments the
professor illustrates the measurements of gas pressure.
13. Төмендегі
сөйлемдерді қазақ тіліне аударыңдар.
1. Nobody knew anything about that inventor’s life-story.
2.The inventor answered nothing. 3. No student was ready for the exam. 4. None
of us was present at the conference. 5.The experiment added nothing new to our
knowledge of the properties of this
substance. 6. Do you see anybody in the classroom? 7. Take any journal from the bookcase. 8.
There is no tube anywhere on the shelf. 9.Does anybody put water into the tube?
10. He puts some water into a tube.
14. Here the answers to some
questions. Make up the questions.
1) Alexander
Graham Bell was born in Edinburg in 1847.
2) Alfred
Nobel, the great Swedish inventor was a man of many contrasts.
3) The
theory of relativity brought Albert Einstein fame on five continents.
4) In
1911 Marie Curie received the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry.
5) For
his talented scientific research Ernest Rutherfod got a prize.
15. Speak about the inventors and their inventions
which are very important for Power Engineering. Complete the table.
|
Inventor
|
Invention
|
Country
|
|
|
|
|
Discuss your answers with
the group.
16. Grammar. Әр жұпта Continuous
тобының шағында тұрған етiстiктi табыңдар
1. a) was developing, b) developed, c) are developed
2. a) are being built, b) will be built, c) was built
3. a) considers, b) will be considered, c)
considered
4. a) was burning, b) burnt, c) are burnt
5. a) drives,
b) is driving, c) were driven
6. a) tested,
b) are testing, c) will be
tested
7. a) were shown, b) showed, c) are being
shown
8. a) discussed, b) was discussed, c) are
discussing
17. Express the same
using active.
1)
The electric
lamp was invented by Yablochkov.
2)
The work was
finished in time.
3)
This article
will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday.
4)
An interesting
phenomenon in the field of thermodynamic effects was discovered by our
scientists last year.
5)
It must be
noted that this invention will raise the output at our plant.
6)
The different
wind energy plants are being developed is also well known.
18. Writing.
Write the
topic “The inventors
and one of the greatest inventions of the mankind”
Present information on:
1) the name of the inventor
2) where and when he/she was born
3) the field of science he/she worked in
4) the invention you consider to be one of the
greatest in the world
5) the country this invention was made in
4) how it is used now
Use the following
words and word combinations for your topic:
The text gives information
on.......... It is interesting to
note that................
Speaking
about........................
Description of................
is given ....
I’d like to say
that..................
In conclusion.........................
Unit 5 Engineering materials
1. Read the new words:
to alloy – қорыту
alloys
– металдар қорытпасы
branch –
сала, тарау
to combine – әрекеттестіру
to conceive – ниет
ету, талаптану
conductivity – өткізгіштік
conductor
- өткізгіш
corrosion –
коррозия
dynamo –
динамо - машина
ferrous metals
– қара металдар
fibre – талшық
insulation –
айыру, жекелеу
to include –
қосу, кіргізу
man
- made –
жасанды
nature
– табиғат
non-ferrous metals - түсті металдар
ore –
кен
property
- қасиеттер, сапа
pure
– таза
to
refer to – қатысу, қатысты болу
resistance
– кедергі
rubber
– резина, каучук
rust
– тот
shipbuilding
– кеме жасау
substances
- заттар, нәрселер
transmission
– беріліс, берілу
wiring
–
электр өткізгіш
2. Distrubute the words into
three columns.
Model: what? what kind of? what to do?
use useful to use
conduct,
conductor, conductive, divide, division, divisible, resistor, resistant,
resist, apply, application, applicable,
nature, natural, naturalize, electricity, electrical, electrify, occur, exist,
existance, existing
3. Reading practice.
Text A. Engineering
Materials
Engineers have
to know the most economical materials
to use. They must also understand the properties of these materials. There are
two kinds used in engineering – metals
and non-metals. All metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Ferrous metals are metals and alloys the main component of which iron. The classification
of ferrous metals includes iron, steel and its alloys. Non-ferrous are metals
and alloys the main component of which is not iron but some other element such
as copper (Cu), aluminium (Al) and others. Copper, aluminium and some other
metals are referred to as non-ferrous metals. Some of their characteristics
are: high electric and heat conductivity, high corrosion resistance,
non-magnetic qualities, light weight and easiness to fabrication. Zinc, copper
and lead sulphides, aluminum and tin oxides, magnesium, carbonate and chloride are
the naturally occurring minerals from which these metals are extracted.
Copper has
been used as a conductor since the beginning of the industry and no proper
substitute has been found. Only one metal, silver, is more efficient, but it
has too high cost to be extensively used. Copper is found in nature in the form
of ores but it is sometimes found in pure state. Pure copper is of reddish
colour, and it has corrosion resistant qualities. Copper is the best conductor
of electricity. It is used for telephone and telegraph cables, electric wiring,
parts of dynamos and electric motors.
Aluminium is the oldest and the best known
light metal. Aluminium is used in common practice for transmission lines where
long spans are necessary. It is a white silvery metal, which does not rust in
the air. It is soft, that is why it is used only when alloyed with other
metals. It has, compared to other metals, a conducting capacity of about
60℅ per cent of that of copper.
4. Answer these questions:
1.
What groups
are all metals divided into?
2.
What is the
main component of ferrous metals and alloys?
3.
Where else are
ferrous metals used?
4.
What’s the
difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals?
5.
Are metals
good conductors of electricity?
6.
What are the
main properties of metals?
7.
What are main
characteristics of non-ferrous metals?
5. Find in the text and put down the key words
to speak about metals.
6. Please give the name and
main characteristics of all metals
known to you.
Look at these questions that will help you:
1. What is copper?
2. What is its colour?
3. Has copper
corrosion resistant quality?
4. Where is copper used most of all?
5. What are the main characteristics of copper?
7. Reading practice.
Text
B. Plastics and ceramics
Plastics
and ceramics are non-metals. Plastics materials are not found as such in
nature. Plastics have been conceived in the laboratory and are born in a
chemical plant. This is a characteristic, which they share with the so-called
man-made fibres, the less well known synthetic rubbers. Plastics are light.
Although the first plastic, celluloid, was introduced 100 years ago, we have
only really become aware of them within the last twenty years. They have found
wide application both in everyday life and in industry. We can hardly name a
branch of industry where plastics are not applied. The insulation and
dielectric properties of plastics led to their early use in the electrical
engineering industry, which was followed by special application in mechanical
engineering. The use of plastics as materials of construction in the form of
sheets, rods or tubes is substituting the conventional metals. Automobile,
aircraft and shipbuilding industries have also made use of advantages offered
by plastics.
Advanced ceramic and composite materials have such
interesting properties that engineers are becoming more and more interested in
their use as structural parts. Composite materials are materials in which two
or more different substance such as metals, ceramics, glasses, or polymers are
combined without chemical reaction. Ceramic finds application in bearings and
engine parts, in ceramic heat exchangers for chemical plants.
8. Answer these questions:
1.
What do we
know about plastic?
2.
What was the
first plastic material?
3.
Where are plastics applied?
4.
When was
celluloid introduced?
5.
What do we
know about ceramics?
6.
Where are
ceramic materials applied?
9. Complete the sentences
according to the texts:
1) All
metals are divided into
....................................................................
2) Ferrous
metals are metals and alloys
......................................................
3) Non-ferrous are metals and alloys
.........................................................
4) Copper
has been used as a conductor since...........................................
5) Pure
copper is
........................................................................................
6) Plastics
and ceramics are
.......................................................................
7) Celluloid
was introduced ......................................................................
8) The
insulation and dielectric properties of plastics led to......................
9) Ceramic finds application in
....................................................................
10. Work in pars.
Student 1
Read the text to find out information about ferrous metals.
Students 2
Read the text to find out information about non- ferrous metals.
|
ferrous metals
|
non-ferrous metals
|
|
Student 1
|
Student 2
|
Explain your finding to your
partner.
11.
Read and learn the dialogue.
.Mr. M.: Hello, glad to meet you, professor H., haven’t seen you for ages,
since I left the University.
Prof. H.: How do you do, Mr. M. I haven’t expected to see you
here. I haven’t heard anything about
you.What are you doing here? Are you interested in new engineering materials?
Mr. M.: I deal with new technologies. I must know all
about thermoplastics
and composite ceramics. I’ll do
some experimental work in this field. I am with KZT Company.
Prof. H.: Oh, your work is so important nowadays.
Mr. M.: Sure
that’s so. We are developing new
industrial system.
Prof. H.: I think Doctor D’s work in this field is the
most promising.
Doctor D.
will speak on his work tomorrow.
Mr. M.: I have
already seen this paper on the programme.
Prof. H.: The most interesting will be the discussion
on the problems of the
balance between the needs of the mankind and the conservation of
the natural resources.
Mr. M.: Will
you take part in it?
Prof. H.: Certainly. Well, I have to go now. I’ll see
you later.
Mr. M.:
Goodbye.
12. Writing. Look trough the
text A again and complete the table.
|
metals
|
main characteristics
|
short form
|
|
1. copper
2.
zink
3.
aluminium
......................
|
|
|
13. Study the Reference Grammar material to find out how to use Perfect Tenses.
Find in the text sentences with Perfect Tenses and explain why these
tenses are used.
14. Әр жұпта Perfect тобының шағында тұрған етiстiктi табыңдар
1. a) have
finished, b) finish, c) is being finished
2. a) discovers,
b) was discovered, c) has been discovered
3. a)
obtain, b) obtained, c) have been
obtained
4. a) are
added, b) will be added, c) has added
5. a) will have
received, b) is receiving c) are received
6. a) am writing,
b) have written, c) will write
7. a) translate,
b) had translated, c) are translating
8. a) is completed, b) are being completed, c) has
been completed
15. Say a few words about the latest achievements in the
materials used in engineering. Use the following words and word combinations for
your topic:
to carry out experiments, industrial materials, numerous experiments, to
obtain useful and valuable data, new- generation materials, material of better quality, at a large
scale, according to, advanced materials, interesting properties, thermoplastics
and thermosets, composite ceramics, chemical changes, heat-resistant materials,
heat engines and turbines, production processes
16. Conduct a round table discussion on “ New engineering materials”. Use the texts
and exercises as basic for the preparation of oral talks and discussion.
Unit 6 Scientists
1. Read the new words:
ability- қабілеттілік
to achieve - жету
to appear – пайда болу, көріну
to associate – ассоциациялау, қосылу
to consider – анықтап қарау
considerable – едәуір,
бірталай
to disprove – әшкерелеу
fame – даңк, атақ
impression -
әсер, әсер ету
invention - өнер табысы
to investigate – зерттеу
investigation – зерттеу
to oblige – міндеттеу
to obtain – жету
to patent- патенттеу
to possess –ие болу
to reach – жету
to research – зерттеу
to reveal – табу, ашу
success - табыс, жетістік
thermodynamics – термодинамика
transfer -
беріліс
value – құндылық
2.
Distrubute the words into
four columns.
Model: what? what kind of? what to do? how?
use useful to use usefully
research, different, differ, difference, science,
scientific, scientifically, scientist, possible, impossibility, equal,
equality, equally, equalize, number, numerous, success, successfully, achieve,
achievment, act, active, activity
3. Translate into Kazakh.
to carry out research_______________
a famous
scientist_________________
scientific
achievement_____________
long distance
telegraphy____________
practical
skills____________________
theoretical
investigations__________
research project_________________
to obtain good
results_____________
important
problem_______________
major
invention__________________
4. Reading practice.
Text A. Who first Split the
Atom?
Ernest Rutherford was born
on August 30, 1871, in New Zealand. Ernest was the fourth child in the family.
At school he was good at physics, mathematics and chemistry. He liked to make
models of different machines. He was particulary interested in watches and
cameras. At the age of 19 he finished school and entered the New Zealand University.
At the university Ernest
Rutherford was one of the most talented students. He worked hard and took an
active part in the work of the Scientific Society of the University. At one of the meetings of the Scientific Society
he made his scientific report ‘The Evolution of Elements’. At the same time he
began his research work. For his talented scientific research he got a prize.
After graduation Rutherford went to Cambridge where he continued his
investigations. Some years later he worked at the University in Monreal to
continue his research. Besides his successful research he also lectured at the
leading Universities of the United States and England.
Rutherford’s famous work
“The Scattering of Alpha and Beta Particles of Matter and the Structure of the
Atom” proved that the atom could be bombarded. He changed nitrogen atom into
oxygen atoms. Splitting the atom was
very important, because it led the way to nuclear power. Rutherford changed
nitrogen into oxygen by bombarding it by alpha particles.
Rutherford made a brand- new
discovery about atom. In the process of splitting the nucleus matter was
converted into energy, which for scientists of the 19th century
seemed unbelievable. The splitting of the atom has opened to mankind a new
enourmous source of energy.
5. Add as many nouns as you
can to each verb.
to
achieve ....................
to
invent .....................
to
research ..................
o
work ......................
to
call ..........................
to
transfer ....................
to
change.......................
to
split............................
to
investigate..............
to
patent....................
to
convert.................
to
solve.....................
6. Writing. Reread
the text again and write the summary of
it in Kazakh.
7. Reading practice.
Find in the text key
words you can use to speak about William
Thomson.
Text B. William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) (1824-1907)
William Thomson was born in Belfast 1824. He came to
Glasgow in 1832, where he entered the University. Thomson was dealt with
theoretical researches. He possessed considerable practical skills also, that
won him a great fame. Thomson’s scientific carrier reached its apogee in Glasgow
in 1846, where he, being 22 years old, had received the Natural Philosophy
Chair. Thomson combined his bright theoretical investigations with an activity,
associated with his work in telegraphy. The Great Britain obliged to Thomson in
many respects by its leaderships in the sphere of underwater telegraphy. He had
learnt problems of signal transfer at a large distance and also invented and
patented radio.
Later in 1982 William Thomson received Lord Kelvin’s
title.
Kelvin and Joule met at the Conference of British
Association of the Science Development in 1847. Kelvin was surprised and
alarmed, that Joule had derived heat the status of the remained value. He
was under strong impression of those
results, which Joule had obtained. He considered, that Carno’s conclusion will
be disproved, if heat really not preserved and if heatgen is absent in nature.
Kelvin began with visual demonstration of that
confusion in concepts, which occurred in physics. He continued to develop
opinion (described in his work “To the Dynamic theory of Heat”, 1851), according
to which apparently, two laws are hidden under the experiments results. Thus, a
new science appeared, called thermodynamics.
8. Find answers to these
questions in the text above.
1. Who was W.Thomson?
2. When and where was he born?
3. What discoveries and inventions did he make?
4. What title did he receive in 1982?
5. Where did he get his higher education?
6. What field of science did he do his research in?
9. Find
in the text passages describing
Thomson’s scientific career and translate
them into Kazakh.
10. See how well you remember the text and complete the sentences.
1)
William
Thomson was born in…….………………………
2)
Thomson’s
scientific carrier reached..………….................
3)
The Great
Britain is obliged to Thomson in ..………….…
4)
In 1892
Thomson received ..……………………………..
5) He had learnt problems of
....................................................
6) Kelvin and Joule met at the ……………………………….
11. Put the
questions to these answers:
1) _________________________________________________________
Thomson
combined his bright theoretical investigations with his work in telegraphy.
2) __________________________________________________________
Thomson’s
scientific carrier reached its apogee in Glasgow in 1846, where he had received
the Natural Philosophy Chair.
3) _________________________________________________________
Kelvin
and Joule met at the Conference of British Association of the Science Development in 1847.
4) _________________________________________________________
Thomson
was dealt with theoretical researches.
5) _________________________________________________________
He had learnt problems of signal transfer at a large
distance and also invented and patented radio.
12. Берілген
етістіктерден есімше құрыңдар.
Participle I:
to develop, to carry, to
build, to work, to combine, to boil, to melt, to prepare, to obtain, to use, to
produce, to bring, to get, to heat, to speak, to make
Participle II:
to write, to do, to achieve, to equip, to burn, to change,
to install, to find, to receive, to show, to take, to add, to consider, to
link, to suggest, to divide, to apply
13. Work in pairs and make up a dialogue in which one of you will be an
interviewer and the other a famous
scientist. These ideas can help you.
What field of
science do you work in?
What can you
say about your scientific work or research?
What are your
plans for future?
14. As you know, give the brief information about these scientists: D.I.Mendeleev, Albert Einshtein,
I.Kurchatov, Marie and Pierre
Curie, Ernest Ruserford, N.I.Lobachevsky, K.I.Satpaev.
15. Conduct a round-table discussion on scientific problem.
Work in small groups. Each group should give short abstracts of the
presentation and for discussion of the theme.
You may use these words and phrases at a
scientific seminar, colloquium, etc.
1. Introducing oneself:
a) My
name is............
b) I
am ................ .
c) I’d
like to give you my / ours view on...................
2. Introducing the report:
a) I’d
like to talk in my report about....
b) I’d
like to start..........
c) I’d
like to name the main points of my report...
3. Ending the report:
a) And
finally.....
b) In
conclusion I’d like to......
c) Thank
you for your attention ...
4.Questions:
a) My
question is............... .
b) I’d
like to ask a question.............. .
c) May
I address a question to ..............
.
d) The first question is........., the second
question is.................. .
Unit
7 the planet Earth (Ecology)
1. Read the new words:
coastline – жаға линиясы
danger - қауіп
deposit – кен орны
disaster- апат
dump – қоқыс тастайтын жер
to eliminate – жою, алып тастау
environment –
қоршаған орта
erosion – желіну
to exceed – асу, артып кету
expert – эксперт, маман
evaluate - бағалау
to fall – құлау
flood – су тасқыны
to forecast – болжау, болжам
to inhabit – өмір сүру
observe – бақылау, байқау
to pollute – ластау, кірлету
pollution– ластану
poison- у, уландыру
to prevent – ескерту
prognosis – болжау
to protect – қорғау
reason - себеп
to rise – көтерілу
soil – топырақ
trangression – бұзу
warehouse – қойма
waste– қалдықтар
2. Read and guess what these words and word combinations mean.
air
and water pollution, poison, waste, an environment, to survive, ecology,
a destruction of wildlife, radiation, nuclear tests, noise from
cars
3. Match the words
similar in meaning.
Example: to ruin – to spoil
a little cooperation
a crisis rubbish
help to test
litter to
pollute
to
try a bit
to
make dirty and dangerous
a disaster
4. Translate into
Kazakh.
environmental problems ___________
catastrophic global effects__________
technological progress ____________
natural changes in weather _________
water pollution___________________
air pollution ____________________
the growth of population__________
problem of pollution and ecology____
5. Reading practice.
Text A. The problem of pollution and ecology is one of the most important problems for mankind now.
That
the problem of pollution and ecology has become the most important one for
mankind is evident to all. The more civilization is developing, the greater the
ecological problems are becoming. Air and water pollution by industry is now
reaching tremendous proportions. In our era it is changing from a national to
an international problem.
The
seas and oceans are also becoming seriously polluted. Many rivers and lakes are
poisoned too. A similar situation is developing in the armosphere. It is known
that many cities throughout the world suffer from air pollution.
Nowadays
people understand how important it is to solve the environmental problems. The
most serious environmental problems are pollution in many forms (water
pollution, air pollution), noise from cars, destruction of wildlife, shortage
of natural resources, the growth of population.
It
is diffucult for mankind to predict changes in the environment accurately. It
is known that natural changes in weather and climate may have more catastrophic
global effects than human activity. At
present scientists are working on the theory of interaction of all the
atmospheric and oceanic global processes that determine the climate and weather
of the world. Modern scientific and technological progress made it possible to
use new technologies for that purpose.
6. Answer the questions based on the information found in the reading or
your own experience.
1. Which are the most serious environmental problems?
2. What is done in the world to save our planet
from an ecological disaster?
3. What
makes the sea waters dangerous?
4. How does air become polluted?
5.
What do you know about ecology in big cities?
7. Complete the table.
|
verb
|
noun
|
Noun
|
adjective
|
|
protect
..............
...............
interact
................
achieve
|
...................
action
pollution
...................
development
..................
|
Ecology
environment
industry
danger
................
.................
|
.....................
....................
.....................
.....................
safe
various
|
8. Translate the sentences into
Kazakh paying attention to the underlined words.
1. People are
worried about the water pollution.
2. Rivers,
lakes and even seas have become poisonous.
3. Many factories and plants produce a
lot of waste and pour it into rivers.
4. One of the urgent
environmental problems in the
world today is the shortage of clean
water.
5. We must
protect the clean water that remains for the shake of our children.
6. Acess to clean drinking water is a
basis human need.
9. Look at the words again and get ready to
write a spelling quiz on them.
radiation, ozone,
environment, pollution,
destruction, nuclear, poison, waste, cause, ultraviolet, ecology,
forecast, suffer, essential
10. Translate into Kazakh the following word
combinations.
ecological changes, industrial enterprises, considerable pollution,
large increase in pollution, pyreno-benzenul elements, environmental terms,
urbanized region, petroleum-storage deposits, fauna biological environment,
concentration of heavy metals
11. Reading practice.
Read the text and write the summary of it in English.
Text B. The reasons for the rise in the Caspian’s sea level
and forecast of its future fluctuations
The problem of working out how the Caspian sea will
rise and fall and thus working out a prognosis of the fluctuation of the sea’s
level over the last 10-20 years. The key areas of research are being undertaken
by a group of Russian experts.
The current transgression that the
experts observing in the Caspian is not a unique one in the history. They
observed considerable changes in the coastline and its fauna biological
environment.
The most dangerous ecological changes
in human and environmental terms are taking place in most urbanized regions. In
these regions there are 98 industrial enterprises which collectively release
27.2 thousand tones of toxic waste a year into the atmosphere, 41 enterprises
release 71.6 million cubic metres of polluted, waste water a year into the sea.
In Derbent 2.8 thousand tones of waste is released into the atmosphere by 36
industrial enterprises.
Investigation undertaken for the
“Kaspiy” showed considerable pollution of the coastal territories with large
traces of lead and pyreno-benzenul elements. Much greater concentrations of
these toxins could be found in industrial regions, large areas of the Technical
Economic Systems and also in warehouses and dumps. Here the concentration of
heavy metals and pyreno-benzenyl in the soil exceeded the normal background
level in the region of 2-10 times in some places to as much as 70-100 times in
others.
In the next few years we can expect a
large increase in pollution as a result of an increase in flooding and erosion
in industrial areas such as factories, dumps, petroleum storage deposits and
canal networks.
The most important step to be taken in
order to stabilize this situation and to prevent it from getting gradually
worse with every year that sea level rises, is to protect not only those areas
that are most inhabited but also those areas that are most polluted.
12. Answer the following questions.
1. What is this text about?
2. What is ecology?
3. Why is the problem of water pollution becoming a
global problem?
4. What problem is becoming a global problem?
5. What makes it possible to eliminate air and water
pollution?
6. What actions are necessary to take to deal
successfully with the problem
of protecting the environment
throughout the world?
13. Remember the beginnings of these sentences, if necessary
look trough the text again.
1._______________ by
a group of Russian experts.
2.________________ in the coastline and its fauna biological
environment.
3._______________ with large traces of lead and
pyreno-benzenul elements.
4._______________ could be found in industrial regions.
5._______________ in environmental terms are taking
place in most urbanized regions.
6._______________ to protect areas that are most inhabited and are most polluted.
14. Fill in more or
most to make the sentences
complete.
1. The eastern cost is the ............ polluted part.
2. Problems of
ecology, water and air pollution are the ........ often discussed problems at
all meetings.
3. It is known
that natural changes in weather and climate may have ........ catastrophic
global effects than human activity.
4. At present
one of the ........ important problems
for mankind is that air and water pollution is reaching very large proportions.
5. The
population of large cities are becoming
...... and ........... worried about their environment.
15. What can you do to help the
world? What advice can you give?
What will you add?
|
Words of Advice
Save energy
.................
|
16. Change the sentences and use other ways of saying I think.
Example: I think pollution is one of the greatest
problems today
My view is that pollution is that one of the greatest problems today.
1)
I think the climate is changing very quickly.
2)
I think there is no ocean or sea which is not used as
dump.
3)
I think nowadays people understand how important it is
to solve the environmental problems.
4)
I think both clean air and water are necessary for our health.
5)
I think man should solve ecological problems as soon as
possible.
17.Writing.
Write the topic. Use the following words and word combinations
for your topic:
“ The Earth in Danger”
pollution, industrial waste, a shortage of food, an
environment, acid rain, a poisoned river, radiation, an ozone hole,
destruction of wildlife and countryside, natural resources, nuclear weapons, air pollution, nuclear power station,
different kinds of fuel, noise, natural changes in weather
and climate
18. Choose the best way to define these:
Pollution
1)
people who make dirty water,
air and atmosphere
2)
dirty water, air and
atmosphere
3)
making water, air and atmosphere dirty and
dangerous for people
Environment
1) air, water and land, in which people, animals and
plants live
2) an organization that wants to protect the natural
world
3) something that we do to prevent air and water
pollution
Ecology
1) natural balance between plants, animals, people and
their environment
2) making
water, air and atmosphere dirty and dangerous for people
3) dirty water, air and atmosphere
19. One және
that- тің кызметін анықтаңдар. Қазакшаға
аударыңыздар.
1. The problem
that has become the most important one is the problem of pollution. 2.The new technologies that are being
developed must be connected with traditional ones. 3. Everyone realizes that
air and water pollution by industrialization is reaching dangerous levels. 4.This article is much more difficult than that one we translated
yesterday. 5.The question that was discussed at the conference yesterday is
very important. 6. New robots will have several manipulators that will carry
out many functions. 7.One must realize
that the increasing number of cars brings about considerable pollution of the
air. 8.It is the growth of industrialization that is changing the climate of
the planet.
20. Discussion. Solve the problem.
“The problem of pollution and ecology is one
of he most important problems for mankind now”
21. Speak
about :
1)
Water pollution and air
pollition as you see them.
2)
Nuclear power stations can
cause a lot of trouble.
3)
The ways of solving
ecological problems.
4)
Ecological problems in your
city.
Unit
8 Comunication
and Internet
1. Read the new words:
communication –
байланыс
to define –
аңықтау
transfer – беру,
хабар беру
to connect – қосу, байланыстыру
message-
хабар
network – жүйе, байланыс
interface – интерфейс
interact - әрекеттесу
recreation – көңіл
көтеру
refer - сүйену
to search-іздеу
2. Translate into Kazakh.
Internet service, download pages of information, graphical interface, load
phone call, different
forms of information, computer keyboard, big advantages, web page,
information flow, informational exchange, Web browser, computer terminal, chat channel, number of resources, commercial and
business transaction, technical papers
3. Form another parts of speech according to the
model.
Model: to use - use – user – useful - usefully
to
provide, to connect, to move, to link, to need, to recreate, to apply, to
exchange, to browse, to organize, to communicate, to call, to serve, to link
4. Reading practice.
Text A. Internet
Millions of people
around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve
information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including the
arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation.
In the past few years, the World Wide Web has gained
immense popularity and is now the preferred WIMP (windows, icons, mouse, pointer)
Internet service. The Web has three big advantages over the other graphical
interfaces we’ve seen so far: hypertext, multimedia, and interactivity. Access
to information is now more “human”, as
it is based on the concept of analogy. Web pages can be considered containers
for different forms of information: not only text, but also images, sound,
animation, and video. This is sometimes called multimodality. The user can
interact with the Web server and send e-mail messages. It’s possible to play
games, fill in forms, query databases and so forth.
People communicate
through chat channels, discussion groups and other means of informational
exchange. They make commercial and business transactions. All this
activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are
connected to
the Internet and exchange information in the same
basic ways. You access this
information through one interface or tool called a Web browser.
If you are an engineer, like me, the Internet is very precious indeed.
You can find software at will, technical papers, documents, databases and so on
. In fact, I could no longer live “professionally” without the Internet.
5. Answer the following questions.
1. What is Internet used for?
2. Why so many activities such as e-mail and business transactions are
possible through the Internet?
3. What is World Wide Web?
4. What is Web browser?
5.
What does a user need to have an access to the WWW?
6. What resources are available on the WWW?
6.Complete the following word combinations.
1. ..............service 6. Internet.................
2. chat................. 7. .....................pages
3. ............- mail 8. graphical................
4. Web................ 9. ..... communicaton
5. ...........exchange
10. technical...............
7. Work in pairs. Try to explain these terms to your partner.
Internet, E-mail, Internet providers, Web browser, Network,
Chat channel
8. Match these words (A) to the definitions (B).
A B
1. Databases 1. can send texts, graphics and
documents
to several
places
2. E – mail 2. are programmes, which allow you to
store,
look at or
change a large quantity of
information
quickly and easily
3. Fax system 3.
the electronic transmission of letters,
messages and
memos through a
communication
network
4. Modem 4.
is a number of computers and peripherals
connected
together
5. Network 5.
is needed at each end the telephone line to
convert the
signals to the correct form
9. Read and translate two young people’s opinions of
the Internet and decide who:
1) thinks the Internet will improve our life
2) thinks that people are attaching too much importance
to Internet
3) hasn’t got a computer at home
4) thinks we will be able to speak to computers
5) believes that Internet necessary for women too
6) thinks the Internet is very slow
7) thinks that the Internet is damaging our physical and
mental health
Asel: I think the Internet will change all
our lives for the better. Shoping, communicating and working by computer will
save time, money and energy. For example, if I want to buy books it can be done
electronically. Books will be selected on screen and delivered to our door. I
think that in future computers will be part of the furniture in our home. We’ll
talk to them, ask them questions and have access to all knowledge in the
world.The Internet will make women’s life easier. The women who look after the
little baby or ill can use Internet to stay in constant contact with their company.
Nurlan: I haven’t got a computer at home but I
hope that my parents will buy me one. I use a computer at the Institute. I
think it is damaging our physical and mental health. The young people will
spend far too much time in front of a computer and not anough time playing
sports, preparing for their lessons and communicating with other people. I
think people are attaching too much importance to computers and the Internet.
Have you tried exploring the net? It can take fifteen to thirty seconds for a
single picture to appear.
10. Writing.
Write an article about the Internet. Divide your article into
five paragraphs and give each paragraph a title. Follow the model below.
1. What is the Internet?
Describe what it is.
2. What kind of things can you do on the Internet?
Describe what things
can be done by using the Internet.
3. What do you think students finds most useful about the Internet?
Describe young people’s opinions of the
Internet.
4. How did the Internet start?
Describe how did it
start.
5. Do I have to be a computer
expert to use the Internet?
Describe how you can begin and say if it is easy for
beginners.
11. Use the words from the box to complete the sentences.
|
e-mail, mouse,
laptop, fax, memo,
telephone, digital
|
1) People send ....................... messages with the help of the
Internet.
2) With a device called the
............you can do a number of things by clicking on different icons.
3) A .......... is a portable computer weighing about 2-4 kg.
4) ................... is a piece of correspondence sent over the phone
lines.
5) It is possible to exchange news with people in most parts of the world
by ................. .
6) A ................. is a correspondence written from one person to
another in the same company.
7) ............. system of information transmission have taken the place of analog systems in the last 25
years.
12. Reading practice.
Find the most suitable
heading for each paragraph from the text.
Text B. The Internet Given to the
World Wide Web
President Eisenhower established the
Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), an organization including many of the
nations leading scientists. They developed the first successful American
satellite in less than two years. In 1969 ARPA began to focus on communications
technology including computers network. ARPA researchers were located at
universities and research organizations around the country.
In the early 1980s local area networks (LAN) were being used in
business and industry. They created regional networks to make connections to
the main computer more efficient. This created a “chain” of computers that
connected each one to the center but also to every other “link” in the chain.
That connection to others in the system became as useful as to the main
computer.
Meanwhile in Europe, researchers at
CERN (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics) were struggling with their
own computer networking problems.
Throughout the system people used
different techniques, protocols, and equipment making communication between
computers very complex. In 1980, Tim Berners-Lee, a consultant at CERN, wrote a
programme called “Enquire – Within – Upon - Everything”, enabling links to be
made between any point in the system. Nine years later Berners-Lee wrote
“Information Management: A Proposal” and created standards for data, and a
universal addressing system. That way any document on ten Internet could be
retrieved and viewed. In 1990, CERN was the largest Internet site in Europe.
Over the next year or two, the proposal was circulated and revised, resulting
in an initial programme being developed that was dubbled the World Wide Web.
By October 1993 there were more than
200 Web servers. In July 1996, there were 3054 Internet service providers and
projections of Web user sessions rising to 15.79 billion in the year 2000.
13. Choose
the right item.
1.
President
........................ established the Advanced Research Project Agency
(ARPA), an organization including many of the nations leading scientists.
a) Eisenhower b) Kennedy c) Truman
2. In the ................. local area networks (LAN)
were being used in business and industry.
a)
in the early 1980s b) in the late 1980s c) in 1980
3.
By October 1993 there were
more than ........... Web servers.
a) 300 b) 200 c) 240
4. In July 1996, there were 3054 Internet service
providers and projections of Web user sessions rising to ............. billion
in the year 2000.
a) 15.79
b) 15. 89 c) 16.79
5. In 1990, CERN was the largest .................... in Europe.
a) Internet site
b) Internet service providers
c) regional networks
14. Read the text again and give the summary of it
in English.
15. Discussion. Work in small groups and discuss the following.
“How do you think new computer technology will affect
the quality of life?”
16.
Writing. Write the topic “Importance
of the Internet”
17. Speak about.
1)
The Internet
and its influence on our daily life.
2)
Can the
Internet help people from different countries to learn English?
Unit 9 The way we are
1.Read the new words:
advice- кеңес, ақыл
to appear - көріну, пайда болу
appearance - бет, келбет,сыртқы бейне
behaviour- мінез-құлық
impression-әсер
personality-дербес
opportunity-мүмкіндік, мүмкіншілік
2. Сөздердің
жасалу үлгілерін талдап,
олардың түбірінен құрылған сөздер мен
сөз тіркестерін оқып аударыңдар.
Үлгі: ( сын есім) free +ly = freely (үстеу)
possible, simple, easy, safe, deep, correct, successful, real, correct,
considerable
3.
Translate into Kazakh and write down the Kazakh equivalents. Then translate the
Kazakh variants back into English (orally).
necessary knowledge__________
good behaviour______________
job paper application__________
job advertisment_____________
work experience______________
professional training__________
personel department___________
4. Reading practice.
Text. How to behave during an interview
It
is evident that getting job depends on many factors. Among them our behaviour
during an interview and writing correctly a job paper application, CV
(abbreviation for curriculum vitae – a brief written account of the main events
of your life, details about yourself, your education, hobbies, jobs, etc.) or
resume. The latter is often the most important stage in getting a job.
Doing
well in an interview may be another important part of getting a place at
university, a job, or a pass in an important exam. The interview is the
opportunity for applicant to project his/her personality. However, many young
people fail to create the right impression because their behaviour and
appearance lets them down.
Some
advices:
1.
Pay
attention to the way you are dressed.
2.
Be
ready to speak about yourself.
3.
You
should organize your thoughts and speech logically.
4.
You
must be ready to answer some questions.
5.
You may
be asked what can you do for the company, so you should learn and know as much
as possible about it.
6.
You may
be asked to make tests.
5. a) Think of the questions you might be
asked during an interview.
1.about
yourself
2.
your family
3.
your education
4.
your previous job
5.
your interests, talents and hobbies
b) Put the same questions to your groupmate
and ask him/her to answer them.
6. Express your agreement or disagreement with these.
1)
People
are different and alike.
2)
Our
personalities, tastes, likes and dislikes change with years.
3)
Good
looking people are always kind.
4)
Only
person who like and dislike the same things can understand each other.
5)
All
people have a different level of education.
6)
Some
people think that they are better than other people and there people who are
very good but don’t talk about it.
7.
These adjectives can be used
to describe someone’s personality.
energetic intelligent well-organized
polite nervous rude
reliable punctual friendly
communicative professional hardworking
ambitious sensible patient
What do we mean when we say that a person is:
-
not
polite
-
reliable
or unreliable
8.Writing. Complete a list
of qualities that you like and dislike in people. Discuss your reasons with group.
Good qualities: Bad qualities:
intellectual ill-mannered
..............
..................
9. Read and learn the dialogue.
Professor:Bolat, I’m
glad to see you today. Did you know about the examination timetable.
Bolat: Yes, I know.
We’ll have three examinations. Physics is in the morning of January 11th, maths
is in the afternoon of January 15th and information technology is on 20th of January.
Prof.: There are
some changes in the examination timetable.
B.: What change?
Prof.: The last
examination for your group will be January 19th not January 20th.
B.: Is that definite? That’s great. I’ll go
to London on 20th of January.
Prof.: Why are you
going to London?
B.: It’s chance to see the country and learn
English.
Prof.: Have you
finished your assignment yet?
B.: I think I’ll give it to you on Tuesday.
Prof.: That’s good.
I can’t let you have another extension.
B.: Well, I’ll try to finish it in time.
Prof.: Oh, Yes.
That will be good. I’ll expect you on Tuesday.
10. Grammar.
Study the Reference Grammar material to find out how
to use modal verbs. Find
the sentences with modal verbs and explain
why these tenses are used.
Aray lost her job as a shop assistant and she had to decide
what to do. She could’t find a job as a shop assistant, so she decided to study
English language and Computer programming. She saw an advertisement of the
British company that is searching a secretary for their new office. She wrote
the reply to the advertisement and sent it to the British company.
|
30 Satpaev str.
Almaty
KazPost 480070
Personel Department
British
company
24 Abai avenue
Almaty
Dear Sir or madam,
Please consider me to the post of secretary what you want. I saw your
advertisement in the “Panorama” yesterday. I finished studying course of
English and Computer programming. I can offer a variety of skills. I enclose
my CV for your attention.
I can be contacted on telephone 56 77 34 and would be more than
willing to came down for an interview.
Your faithfully,
Aray Alimzhan
|
11. Work in pairs.
Several days ago there
appeared an advertisment for a job in the newspaper
“Panorama”. The applicants
will have to write application letters and their CVs.
a) Can Askar Akhmetov get
the job advertised below?
b)
Write and type your Curriculum Vitae
(CV) using a Word Processor according to this example.
|
An international company, specialized in
Power System
is looking for candidates with the following
capabilities:
Not younger than 25 years
old
Able to travel in
Kazakhstan and abroad
University degrees in
Electrical Engineering
Good command of English
Able to use Microsoft
Office effectively
Good communications and
problem solving talent
Please send your CV’s to
Asel Baykyeldy to the following
e-mail adress: asel@ps.kz
or to fax: 3272 50 67 77
not later than January 20, 2004
|
RESUME
(CV)
|
1. Name/Surname
1.
Age
2.
Nationality
3.
Marital
status
4.
Address
5.
Contact
telephone
6.
Education
7.
Work
experience
8.
Language
9.
Computer
skills
10.
Previous
experience
11.
Interpersonal
qualities
12.
Interests
|
Askar Akhmetov
17 October 1980
Kazakh
Single
5, Abai Avenue, Almaty
Kazakhstan
50 99 67
Almaty Institute of Power
Engineering and Telecommunication
Electrical engineering
department
2001-2002 – PSSR, Marketing department
Kazakh, Russian, English
MS Office (Word, Excel)
1. Oral and written translation
2. Travel arrangment
3. Working with clients, marketing experience
Good communication skills,
intelligent, energetic, well-orginized
Reading, travelling, music
|
12. Topic
“What makes the people different”.
There are some ideas that can help you:
1)
We all
have different views and opinions.
2)
Some
people have a special talent for particular activities.
3)
Different
people find different things funny.
4)
People
behave differently and act differently.
5)
People
are brought up differently:some can be kind and well-mannered others are selfish and
ill-mannered.
6)
People
have different tastes in clothes, they like different styles and fashions and
different kind of music.
7)
We have
different cultures and different languages.
13. Discussion.
Work in small groups and decide what else you
can add on each point.
People say “It takes many ways to make the world” meaning that all people are
different. People can be different in:
appearance
personality
education
and experience
language
and culture
behaviour
and manners
plans
for the future
Unit 10 Sources of energy
1. Read the new words:
description – баяндау, суреттеу
to develop – өркендеу, жақсару
to dissolve – еру
fossil – қазба
giant – өте үлкен, орасан зор
to involve – қатыстыру, қосу
to open up – ашу
pipeline – құбыр, мұнай
құбыры
priority – приоритет, өте маңызды
to produce – өндіру, жасап шығару
prospective – келешек
to provide –қамтамасыз ету
reservoir – резервуар, қор
sensible – саналы, ақылды
source – қайнар,
қөз
storage – қойма
substantial – берік, төзімді
available- қолайлы
acсording to-сәйкес, лайық
бойынша
deposit - кен орны
profile - пішін, көрініс
2. Сөздердің жасалу үлгілерін талдап, олардың түбірінен
құрылған сөздер мен сөз тіркестерін оқып
аударыңдар.
Үлгі :(етістік) to generate + tion,-sion,-ion,-er/or, -ing = generator (зат есім)
to divide, to work, to include, to develop, to
produce, to distribute, to measure, to build, to open, to construct, to
drive, to design, to provide, to
install, to observe
3. Read the word
combinations and put down their Kazakh equivalents.
oil and gas
deposits_____________________________
oil and gas
production___________________________
gas condensate
field____________________________
giant
project___________________________________
main gas
pipelines______________________________
natural
resources______________________________
prospective gas
resources________________________
undiscovered
deposits___________________________
4. Put down
the verbs corresponding to the given nouns and translate them.
discovery to discover ашу
description __________ __________
production
__________
__________
division
__________
__________
use
__________
__________
believe ___________ __________
reserve
___________
__________
transport
___________
__________
5. Reading practice.
Kazakhstan’s Oil and Gas
The
aim of this article is to provide a
description of Kazakhstan’s huge oil and gas energy resources. According
to the World Bank in 1994 the country had reserves of oil and gas running to
some 13.0 billion tones. The resources available in the oil fields runs to some
2.1 billion tons and there may be as much as 1.6 trillion cubic metres of gas in reserve. These deposits are
to be found mainly in the West of the country. The main geographical divisions
of Kazakhstan’s oil and gas deposits are: the Caspian, Mangistau, Usturt in the
West and the South Torgai, Aral, mid-Syrdarya, Shusarysu, Balhash, Alakol,
Zaisan. There is a possibility that there may be as many undiscovered deposits
as those which are already known.
The Caspian region has 83
main gas deposits which hold about 2 trillion cubic metres of natural gas. The
Caspian fields account for the greatest part, approx. 90 % of oil and gas
production in the country. Today and in the nearest future, oil production and
export will provide a substantial part of Kazakhstan’s income. The project of Caspian shelf development is
a giant project that can involve companies with different business profiles and
from different countries.
Kazakhstan’s natural gas
reserves come to 2.0 trillion cubic metres of concentrated in 29 condensate
deposits and more than 1.0 trillion cubic metres of dissolved gas in 57 oil and
gas condensate fields. The main volume of Kazakhstan’s gas reserves are to be
found at the following fields: Karachaganak oil and gas condensated field with
reserves of about 1.4 trillion cubic metres of gas. Tengis oil field with 0.3
trillion cubic metres. Zhanazhol field with 0.13 trillion cubic metres.
Urikhtaus oil and gas condensate field with more than 40 billion cubic metres.
The Karachaganak field alone holds 72% of this prospective gas resource.
Karachaganak is a “Super Giant” oil and gas condensate field, discovered in
1979 in the Uralsky region in West Kazakhstan. It covers an area of around 500
square kilometers. The reservoir is deep-from 3,600 to 5,150 metres.
Some of the biggest main gas
pipelines go through Kazakhstan. The Central Asia has five gas pipelines:
length 821 kilometres, diameter
1020-1420 mm, capacity up to 185 million cubic metres a day. Development of the
gas pipeline network is among the top priorities in the general development of pipeline transport in the country.
According to the experts by the year 2011 Kazakhstan’s known gas
reserves will be some 3.0 cubic metres, 2.8 trillion of which will be
concentrated in the Caspian region.
The country’s population believes that Kazakhstan has the potential to
become one of the most rich countries in the world. Sensible and rational use
of the country’s natural resources will help turn this belief into concrete
reality.
6. Think of questions about the following sentences.
1. The aim of this article is to provide a
description of Kazakhstan’s huge oil and gas energy resources.
What___________________________________________________________
2. The main Kazakhstan’s oil and
gas deposits are to be found mainly in the West of the country.
Where__________________________________________________________
What___________________________________________________________
3. The Caspian region has 83 main gas deposits which hold about 2 trillion
cubic metres of natural gas.
What___________________________________________________________
What kind
of_____________________________________________________
4. Development of the gas pipeline network is among the top priorities in
the general development of pipe-line
transport in the country.
What__________________________________________________________
5. The country’s population believes that Kazakhstan has the potential to
become one of the most rich countries in the world.
Who____________________________________________________________
7. Find in the text key words which can be used to speak about Kazakhstan’s huge oil and gas energy
resources.
8. Express the same in
English.
1)
XXI ғасырда
Қазақстан мұнай және көмірсутегін өндіруші
және жеткізуші мемлекеттердің біріне айналады.
2)
Қазақстанда
Каспий аймағында ең ірі мұнай және газ қорлары
бар.
3)
2000 жылы
Қазақстанда мұнай өндірісінің мөлшері 40
миллион тоннаға жетті.
4)
Келешекте Қазақстан
әлемдегі мұнай өндіруші мемлекеттер арасында ең маңыздысы болады деген үміт бар.
9. Find in the text,read and translate the sentences describing the
following.
1. Main gas deposits 2. Main oil deposits
3.Oil and gas reserves 4.The Caspian region
5.The Karachaganak field
10. Writing.
Complete the article and translate into Kazakh in writing.
|
transport, consider,
radiate, input, hope,
open up
|
Energy resources of today
Scientists .............. hydrogen a very promising energy source. The
reserves of hydrogen are practically unlimited. Hydrogen is easy to
.................... and to store. Scientists have found many ways of producing
hydrogen – basically from ordinary water. They ...... to use the energy of
tides to obtain hydrogen. This new kind of energy ........... new prospects in
aviation, metallurgy and some other industries.
The Sun is another unlimited source of energy. The Sun ........ to our
planet great amounts of energy. Environmentally and economically, the Sun is
our greatest energy resource. This energy .......... fuels all our biological
processes and is the original source for hydropower, wind power and fossil fuel
resources.
11. Say a few words about energy
resources of today. Use the following words and word combinations for your topic:
traditional
power sources, non-traditional sources of energy, energy supply, promising
energy source, oil and gas industry enterprises, the country’s power generation
potential, the energy of sun, power transmission lines, ocean tides, hydrogen
fuel, nuclear power station, present-day requirements
12.
Conduct a round table discussion on “ New sources of energy”.
Unit 11 Power engineering
1. Read the new words:
capacity- кендік, сыйымдылық
consumption - пайдалану
demand- қажеттілік
enable- мүмкіндік беру
inexhaustible – таусылмайтын
fuel - отын
obtain- шығару, алу
require – талап ету
supply – қамтамасыз ету
dust – шаң, тозаң
efficient – әсерлі, ықпалды
obvious – айқын, ақиқат
to realize – жүзеге асыру
requirement – талап
safe – қауіпсіз, қатерсіз
smoke – түтін
to utilize – қолданылу
2. Look at the words again and get ready to
write a spelling quiz on them.
uranium, radiation, reactor, fuel, efficiency,
inexhaustible, thorium, prognose
3. Form the other parts of speech according to the model.Translate them.
Model: to protect
– protection – қорғаныш
to product,
to demonstrate, to supply, to require, to grow, to create, to realize
4.Translate into Kazakh.
uranium
reserves, production of uranium,
industrial nuclear reactor, the world demand of power, inexhaustible power
source, “nuclear winter”, nuclear power plants, industry experts, nuclear
plant’s efficiency, mankind’s power requirements
5. Give synonyms to the folowing
words and memorize them.
1. nuclear - a) atomic, b)
hydrogen, c) solar
2. to reinforce - a) pump, b) charge, c) insulate, d) strengthen
3. turn (into) – a) cause, b) convert, c) dump
4. store – a) build, b) function, c) seem, d) get
6. Reading practice.
Read the text and try to interpret the title, which expresses
the main idea.
Uran of Kazakhstan
Over 25% of the worlds uranium
reserves are concentrated in Kazakhstan.
Recently the only industrial nuclear reactor operating in Kazakhstan was
in Aktau; the power of this plant was mainly used to desalinate water. The construction of the new nuclear power
station in Kazakhstan in the near future is unlikely.
In the 1940s, at the beginning of “the nuclear century”, the demand for
uranium was determined exclusively by the requirements of the US, German and
Soviet military industrials. At present, the world demand for uranium is
determined primarily by the requirements of nuclear plants, 17% of the total volume. The total capacity
of nuclear stations was 352 GWt and they worked in 26 countries. The leader is
USA, which produces 29% of the world nuclear power.
Two of three
decades ago it seemed that nuclear power would enabled mankind to realize one
of its dreams: the dream of inexhaustible power source. Uranium nuclear decay
produces 2 million times more power than the burning of the same quantity of
first class coal. One gram of obvious granite due to its’ uranium and thorium
can produce the same amount of power as 5 tons of oil! Wouldn’t it be better to use an element
which seems to have been specially created by nature for mankind’s power requirements
than to use other kinds of fuel? The actual nuclear plant’s efficiency, of
course, is not so fantastic, but nevertheless, reactor produces the same volume
of power per 1 ton of uranium as electric power station produce per about 10
000 tons of oil or 15 000 tons of coal.
Today the future of nuclear
power seems less bright. The term “nuclear winter” was coined 20 years ago. Now
the West demonstrated a growing interest in Kazakhstan uranium. In the next few
decades we can expect developing of more safer nuclear stations. We can also
hope for the development of more efficient long distance power transmission systems.
7. Answer the questions.
1.
What countries
are interested in Kazakhstan uranium?
2.
When did the
demand for uranium increase? Why?
3.
How many
countries have nuclear stations?
4.
What are the
advantages of uranium?
5.
What kind of
power plants are in use nowadays?
6.
For what
reason are nuclear power plants being built instead of fossil-fuel steam electric plants?
8. Complete the sentences.
1) Over 25 % of the world’s uranium……………..
2) In the 1940s, at the beginning of “the nuclear
century”………..
3)
The total capacity of nuclear power stations was……………
4)
The term “nuclear winter” was coined…………………………
5)
The development of nuclear power in our country……………
9. Write the degrees of comparison of these adjectives.
Example:large – larger - (the) largest
difficult – more difficult – (the) most difficult
inexhaustible, prosperous, small, modern, exciting,
advanced, efficient, suitable, good, important,simple, strong